VINERIES. 



329 



fig. 447 is the ground-plan, the whole 

 arranged under the direction of Mr 

 Shearer, the intelligent gardener there. 



Fig. 445. 



The chief novelties in the general con- 

 struction of these houses are the mode of 

 glazing, which is upon the principle 

 patented by Mr Russell of Edinburgh, 

 and consists of his glass tiles, which will 

 be found described in art. Glazing : it 

 is found at Yester to give every satis- 

 faction. We introduce these vineries 

 here to show how admirably Mr Shearer 

 has exemplified practically the principle 

 of subterranean heating and ventilation, 

 a subject which has been of late years 

 much agitated ; but in no case that has 

 come under our own observation has 

 this been done in so satisfactory a man- 

 ner. It is also a pleasure to us to state 

 the great interest the Marquis of 



Tweeddale takes in every improvement 

 connected with rural affairs, and his 

 great liberality in bringing them into 



Fig. 447. 



operation. The figures are so detailed 

 as to require little description. We 

 may, however, remark that the boiler 

 which heats both the vinery internally 

 and the borders externally, has a cistern 

 very properly placed over it, and some- 

 what higher than the hot-water pipes 

 within the house. The arrows denote 

 the course of the flow of hot water 

 both in the pipes within the house, which 

 VOL. i. 



are placed much in the usual manner, 

 while others show the flow and return 

 of the water after circulating through 

 the vaulted chambers below the borders, 

 which also is shown in the ground- 

 plan. The whole of the vine borders 

 within and without are vaulted — that 

 is, covered with Caithness pavement 

 supported upon brick piers 2 feet in 

 height ; and in this vault hot-water pipes 

 are laid close to the pavement, thereby 

 preventing the loss of heat by absorption 

 in the soil below and side walls. Over 

 the pavement a drainage is placed, and 

 on that the soil for the vines to grow in, 

 extending from the back wall of the house 

 to the walk in front of the border, a 

 breadth of 32 feet. Mr Shearer estimates 

 highly the value of vaulted borders, and 

 considers them, even without the aid of 

 fire heat, as being equal to 9° of tempera- 

 ture over similar borders not vaulted. 

 Air is admitted into these vaults from the 

 neighbourhood of the stoke-holes, and 

 from the front of the border — a very ne- 

 cessary precaution for the better diffusion 

 of the heat within them. 



References to section, fig. 445 : a shows 

 the vinery, hot-water pipes, chamber, 

 &c. j b the cistern ; c the boiler ; d the 

 air-circulating pipes ; e the flow - pipe 

 into the chamber; / the return-pipe 



2 T 



