682 GARDENESQUE STYLE OF FLOWER-GARDENS. 



to be covered with larch, or any other 

 straight-growing trees, of 4 or 5 inches 

 in diameter, and laid close together, re- 

 versing them alternately, so that the 

 thick end of the one shall come next the 

 smaller end of the next— thus keeping 

 them always square across the footway. 

 The ends of these should be all cut 

 square, to be of equal lengths, and each 

 covered with a piece of bark, so as to 

 hide the transverse section. The hand- 

 rail is to be divided into panels — the 

 principal upright pieces being double the 

 size of the subordinate or diagonal ones. 

 These should all, however, be of as near 

 the same diameter as possible. 



Fig. 955. — In this example the foot- 

 way is shown level ; and the abutments 



Fig. 955. 



may be covered with rough stones, ivy, 

 and trailing plants. The floor of the 

 footway is covered with larch, or other 

 straight poles, and laid as directed for 

 fig. 954. The hand-rail is a simple 

 trellis-pattern, one series of the bars be- 

 ing entire, while the others are cut into 

 pieces of the required lengths, and neatly 

 hollowed out at the ends, so as to form a 

 mitre joint, with the bark entire. 



Fig. 956. — Here the abutments are 

 also of timber, but so selected as to have 



Fig. 956. 



an arm or bracket proceeding from them 

 for the support of the footway. These 

 arms will look best if of the natural 

 growth of the tree ; otherwise they must 

 be attached in the most natural manner 

 possible. The outer sides of the outside 



battens in this bridge, as well as the 

 whole of the hand-rail, should be covered 

 with Polytrichium commune, twisted in 

 form of ropes, and neatly wound round 

 the respective parts, and nailed on to the 

 face of the battens. The top and principal 

 rails of the hand-rail should have ropes 

 of greater thickness than the diagonal or 

 smaller parts. The supports underneath 

 may be left with their natural bark at- 

 tached to them. 



Fig. 957 is a very pretty bridge when 

 neatly executed. The bearers show a 



Fig. 957. 



slight curvature. The footway is covered 

 with larch poles, laid across. The sup- 

 ports beneath are let into the abutments, 

 which are covered with rough stones and 

 wild plants ; and although they are 

 securely enough fastened to the bearers 

 above, still they have the appearance of 

 only being tied to them by a rope of 

 Polytrichium. The same occurs in the 

 hand-rail. The bent pieces which fill the 

 panels should each be in one piece if pos- 

 sible. 



Abutments to bridges, as shown in our 

 figure, are not only of great importance 

 to the structure itself — they show stability 

 and an appearance of safety. When ex- 

 posed to view, they are also quite in 

 keeping in this style ; because it forms, as 

 it were, the connecting link between the 

 architectural and picturesque. 



One of the most economical and ele- 

 gant of all wooden bridges for such pur- 

 poses is that of Remmington, an Ameri- 

 can of great ingenuity, who, under the 

 greatest privations and disadvantages, 

 erected the first bridge of this kind seen 

 in Britain a few years ago in the gardens 

 of the Surrey Zoological Society. One 

 of great strength and size was erected by 

 him at Ingestre Hall, Staffordshire, over 

 which carriages and waggons pass daily. 

 The only example of such a design in 

 Scotland, that we are aware of, is that in 

 Dalkeith Park, of which figs. 958, 959, 

 960, are a representation. It connects 



