APPENDIX. 



741 



under 12 inches in diameter. The following 

 are the London prices. (Brick barrel-drains are 

 rarely built in Scotland, stone being a cheaper 

 material.) 



15-inch barrel-drain, 1 brick all round, 3s. 6d. 

 per lineal foot, finding all material and labour, 

 but exclusive of digging the drains; Is. 3d. per 

 foot finding lime and labour only ; 9d. per foot 

 finding labour only. 



18-inch barrel-drain, 1 brick all round, 4s. per 

 lineal foot, finding material and labour ; Is. 5d. 

 per foot finding lime and labour; lOd. per foot 

 for labour only. 



2- feet barrel-drain, 1 brick all round, 5s. per 

 lineal foot, finding material and labour; Is. 9d. 

 per foot for lime and labour; Is. per foot find- 

 ing labour only. 



2^-feet barrel-drain, 1 brick all round, 6s. per 

 lineal foot finding material and labour ; 2s. find- 

 ing lime and labour ; Is. 2d. finding labour only. 



3- feet barrel-drain, 1 brick all round, 6s. 9d. 

 per lineal foot finding material and labour; 

 2s. 6d. per foot finding lime and labour ; Is. 4d. 

 per foot finding labour only. 



If any of the above is done in cement, add 

 one-fourth. 



An 18-inch drain, 1 brick all round, contains 

 14 feet 2 inches of reduced brickwork per lineal 

 yard, and requires 226 bricks of the London 

 size to do the same. 



A 2-feet' drain, 1 brick all round, contains 

 17 feet 3 inches reduced brickwork per lineal 

 yard, and requires 277 bricks. 



A 2|-feet barrel-drain contains 20 feet 5 

 inches reduced brickwork per lineal yard, and 

 requires 327 bricks. 



A 3-feet barrel-drain contains 23 feet 7 

 inches reduced brickwork per lineal yard, and 

 requires 377 bricks. 



N.B. — If the bricks are laid dry, (which, how- 

 ever, should seldom be done, unless where a 

 difficulty occurs to get rid of the contents, and 

 where dependence is to be placed on the strata 

 through which the drain passes to absorb it,) 

 then about one-tenth more bricks will be re- 

 quired than in the above calculations. Accord- 

 ing to Skirving's calculations, it takes upon an 

 average 16 bricks, of the London size, to com- 

 plete 1 foot of reduced brickwork, which at 

 10|d. per foot is £11, 12s. 4d. per rod. Upon 

 these data we may easily calculate the value of 

 every description of brick drain, by counting 

 the number of bricks in every foot lineal. 

 And again, upon a more simple principle, charge 

 2Jd. for every three bricks used. Both plans 

 will amount to nearly the same, including 

 labour, mortar, and tradesman's profit. 



SLATES AND SLATING. 



Slate is now very generally employed as a 

 substitute for wood, and for the following horti- 

 cultural purposes it is admirably adapted, viz., 

 for copings of walls, pits, &c, pavement and 

 shelving for greenhouses, fruit-rooms, mush- 

 room-houses, tubs for large plants, flower-boxes 

 for balconies and window sills, edgings for walks, 

 &c. 



The slates of Wales and of Ireland are the 



best, and can be procured of almost any size 

 and thickness ; and for the above purposes can 

 be purchased, cut to order, at London, Liver- 

 pool, Glasgow, and Leith, at, ^-mch thick, 6d. 

 per superficial foot, f-inch, 9d., 1-inch, Is. If 

 rubbed on each side, add 2d. per foot superficial. 



The English nomenclature of slates is as 

 follows : — 



Ladies, per 1000, (long tale, that is, 1200,) 

 weigh 1 ton 5 cwt, or 2 lb. 6 oz. each; are 16 

 inches by 8 inches each, and will cover 4| 

 squares of roofing. — £3, 15s. per 1000 of 1200. 



Countesses, per 1000, do., weigh 2 tons, or 3 

 lb. 12 oz. each ; are 20 inches by 10 inches, and 

 will cover 7| squares of roofing. — <£6, 10s. per 

 1000. 



Duchesses, per 1000, do., weigh 3 tons, or 5 

 lb. 10 oz. each; are 24 inches by 12 inches, and 

 will cover 10 squares of roofing. — £10 per 1000 

 of 1200. 



Doubles, 1000 will cover 2\ squares of roof- 

 ing; 1 ton of Bags from If to 2 squares, (£3 per 

 ton;) 1 ton of Queens, 2| to 2\ squares; 1 ton 

 of Imperials, 2\ to 2| squares; 1 ton Westmore- 

 land, 2 squares. 



1000 Scotch slates, say Easdale or Balla- 

 hulish, are required to cover a rood, or 36 

 superficial yards. 



N.B. — In England, slating is calculated by the 

 square of 100 superficial feet each ; in Scotland, 

 generally by the rood of 36 square yards. 



The cost per square, the slater finding all 

 material, taken at the London masters' prices, 

 are, Doubles, 21s.; Ladies, 22s.; Countesses, 

 25s.; Duchesses, 27s.; Queens, 35s.; Rag, 36s.; 

 Imperial, 42s. ; and Westmoreland, 52s. Me- 

 tallic nails, boiled in oil, to be used. Where 

 copper nails are used, add 2s. per square to the 

 above. 



When roofs are stripped and relaid. — For 

 Doubles, per square, 9s. 6d.; Ladies, 9s. ; 

 Countesses, 7s. 6d. ; Duchesses, 7s. ; Queens, 

 10s. 6d.; Rag, lis. 6d. ; Imperial, lis. 6d. ; 

 Westmoreland, 13s. 6d. If copper nails are 

 used, add as above. The cost of labour only, 

 from 5s. to 7s. 6d. per square. 



Slaters' wages per day in London, 5s. 9d.; 

 do. labourers, 3s. 6d. ; do. boy, 2s. 



Slate cisterns, London prices. — 7d. per gallon, 



1 inch thick ; including bolts, Is. 9d. per super- 

 ficial foot ; and for every halkinch extra in thick- 

 ness add 6d. 



Scotch prices. — Slater per day, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 



Easdale or Ballahulish slates, slater finding 

 all material and scaffolding, 24s. per square, or 

 £3, 18s. to £3, 15s. per rood of 36 yards. 



Welsh slates nailed on battens. — Duchesses, 



2 feet by 1 foot, with 2-inch overlap, slater find- 

 ing all materials, £3, 12s. 6d. per rood of 36 

 square yards. With Countesses £3, 10s. per 

 rood, finding all materials. 20s. per rood for 

 laying on, as that is labour only for Scotch 

 slates. — Glasgow price, 17s. 6d. 



Slates are fastened to the sarking with mal- 

 leable-iron nails, weighing 12 lb. per 1000, after 

 being steeped, when heated, in linseed oil. 

 These nails cost 3s. 4d. per 1000, 1300 being 

 required for a rood. Cast-iron nails were for- 

 merly used, but are seldom used now. Cop- 



