APPENDIX. 



749 



ing to the quantity of solder used, including 

 labour. This latter is by no means a satisfactory 

 plan, as will appear by simply considering that, 

 in English practice, the charge is in proportion to 

 the size of the pipe, and the price is fixed, as 

 will be seen below, so that the less solder used 

 the better for the master; while in Scotland, as 

 the charge is chiefly on the solder, the plumber 

 takes care to use a large, often an unnecessary 

 quantity, and the cost of the joint is in propor- 

 tion. The English practice is to charge for 

 (including 1 foot of pipe) 4-inch joint, 2s. 2d. ; 

 finch joint, 2s. 4d. ; 1-inch joint, 2s. 8d. ; lj-inch 

 joint, 3s.; 14-inch joint, 3s. 6d.; 2-inch joint 

 4s. 6d., &c. All joints exceeding the above 

 diameters vary according to the size of the pipe. 



The following list of prices we are favoured 

 with from a highly respectable firm ; and, as the 

 weight per yard is given, they cannot fail to be 

 useful. They may be regarded also as the average 

 price for Scotland. 



Half-inch pipe, 3 lb. to the yard, 5|d. ; 4 lb., 9d. ; 



5 lb., ll^d. per lineal yard. 

 Three-quarter-inch pipe, 6 lb. to the yard, 11 £d. ; 



7 lb., Is. 3d. ; 8 lb., Is. 6d. 

 One-inch pipe, 8 lb. to the yard, Is. 5d. ; 9 lb., 



Is. 8±d. ; 11 lb., Is. 10±d. 

 One-and-a-quarter-inch pipe, 12 lb. to the yard, 



2s. 3d. ; 14 lb., 2s. 7£(L ; lb* lb., 3s. 

 One-and-a-half-inch pipe, 14 lb. to the yard, 



2s. 7^d. ; 16 lb., 3s ; 18 lb., 3s. 4±d. 

 Two-inch pipe, 20 lb. to the yard," 3s. 9d. ; 22 lb., 



4s. l|d. ; 26 lb., 4s. 10 jd. 



Extra Strong. 



Three-quarter-inch, 9 lb. to the yard, Is. 8^-d. 

 One-inch, 12 lb. to the yard, 2s. 3d. 

 One-and-a-quarter-inch, 18 lb. to the yard, 3s. 4|d. ; 



22 lb., 4s. l|d. 

 One-and-a-half-inch, 22 lb. to the yard, 4s. lgd. ; 



26 lb., 4s. 10 ^d. 

 Two-inch, 31 lb. to the yard, 5s. 7d. ; 35 lb., 



5s. 9d. 



Average price of stopcocJcs in London. — 4-inch, 

 3s.; f-inch, 3s. 9d. ; 1-inch, 7s.; l|-inch, 10s. 6d.; 

 1 ^-inch, 15s. 



London prices for brass washers, wasters, and 

 'plugs. — f-inch, Is. 6d. each; 1 -inch, 2s. 6d.; 14- 

 inch, 3s. 6d. ; 1 4-inch, 4s. ; 2-inch, 6s. 6d. ; 3-inch, 

 16s. 



Formerly, lead was much used for roans, or 

 water-gutters; these have very properly given 

 way to light cast-iron ones, which are not only 

 much cheaper, but also last much longer. 



Plumbers' wages in London, 6s. per day ; in 

 Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, 4s. 

 Lead-headed nails, both in Edinburgh and 

 London, 6d. per dozen ; zinc tacks, Is. per lb., 

 &c. &c. * 



Milled lead, 6 lb. per superficial foot, suffi- 

 cient for lining cisterns and covering ridges. 



7 lb. for gutters, and these should have a fall 

 of 1 inch in 1 0 feet. 



5 lb. for aprons and flashings. 25 to 30 lb. 

 to the superficial foot for leaden boilers, and 

 these should be always of a cylindrical form. — 

 Vide Boilers, fig. 219. 



8 lb. for water-runs, roans, or eaves-gutters. 



Cast-iron is, however, preferable. "Where leaden 

 ones are used, it is advisable to introduce a 

 |-inch malleable-iron rod in outer edge of 4 

 and 5-inch roans, and also smaller ones, in pro- 

 portion to the size of the roans— such as, 3-inch 

 would require 5-inch rods to give strength and 

 assist expansion. 



In measuring plumber-work, the lead on roofs 

 is by the superficial foot, and is charged accord- 

 ing to the weight per foot. 



WIEE-WOEK. 



Wrought-iron hurdles, for the permanent or 

 temporary division of grounds, having double 

 knees and prongs to fix them in the ground, 

 requiring neither stones nor blocks, and which 

 can be put up and taken down with facility : — 



For horses, cattle, and sheep, 2s. 6d. to 2s. 9d. per 

 lineal yard. 



Such hurdles should be of the following 

 dimensions : — Length, 6 feet 6 inches each ; 

 3 feet 6 inches high above ground, exclusive of 

 the knees and prongs ; top bar, § diameter ; 

 five under bars, each 4 inch in diameter ; side 

 uprights, 1\ inch by \ inch ; and the middle 

 upright, 14 inch by 5 inch ; the average cost 

 of which is 3s. per lineal yard. But the pro- 

 prietors of the St Leonard's Works, Edinburgh, 

 are now (1852) making hurdles of the above 

 size at Is. 7|d. per lineal yard, taking advantage 

 of mechanical power, and an organised system 

 of operating. 



For cattle and sheep, 2s. 3d. to 2s. 6d. per lineal 

 yard. 



For sheep and lambs, 2s. to 2s. 3d. per lineal yard. 

 For deer and lambs, 4s. to 5s. 6d. per lineal yard. 



Portable hare and rabbit hurdles. — When put 

 up they resemble strained wire-fences of good 

 pattern. These have long-kneed prongs to fix 

 them in the ground, and are fastened together 

 at the ends with wire : — 



Price per lineal yard, 24 inches high, 2s. 6d., 



painted green. 

 Price per lineal yard, 27 inches high, 2s. 9d., 



painted green. 

 Price per lineal yard, 30 inches high, 3s., painted 



green. 



Rabbit-proof wire-flake, or hurdle, diamond 

 pattern, 3s. per yard. 



Ditto, with vertical wires, 2s. 6d. per yard. 



Wire continuous fences, with iron pillars and 

 standards : — 



For horses, cattle, and sheep, Is. 6d. to Is. 9d. per 

 lineal yard. 



For cattle and sheep, Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per lineal 

 yard. 



For sheep and lambs, Is. to Is. 3d. per lineal yard. 



according to height, strength, and number of 

 wires. In curved lines, iron stays are required 

 to give the necessary sweeps : these are charged 

 Is. 6d. each extra. — These are Edinburgh prices, 

 and include the erection of the fences and 

 the travelling expenses of the men, in all cases 

 where the order exceeds <£25. 



