754 APPENDIX. 



LIQUID AND DRY MEASURE. 



Pounds 

 of Water. 



Cubic 

 Inches. 



Gills. 



Pints. 



Quarts. 



Pottles. 



Gallons. 



Pecks. 



"3 



3 



m 



Coombs. 



; Quarter. 



1.25 



34.659 



4 



1 

















2.5 



69.318 



8 



2 



1 















5 



138.637 



16 



4 



2 



1 













10 



277.274 



32 



8 



4 



2 



1 











20 



554.548 



64 



16 



8 



4 



2 



1 









80 



2,218.191 



256 



64 



32 



16 



8 



4 



l 







320 



8,872.763 



1,024 



256 



128 



64 



35 



16 



4 







640 



17,745.526 



2,048 



512 



256 



128 



64 



32 



8 



2 



1 



The six latter of these are dry measures only, and by them grain, fruit, &c., are bought and sold. 

 The others are for liquids, &c. 



HEAPED MEASURE. 



2 gallons make 1 peck, or 704 cubic inches, nearly. 

 8 gallons „ 1 bushel, or 28 15^ „ 



3 bushels „ 1 sack, or 4§ cubic feet, nearly. 

 12 sacks „ 1 chaldron, or 58| „ 



By this measure lime, fruit, potatoes, coals, 

 culm, &c, are calculated. The outside diame- 

 ters of these measures are to be at least double 

 the depth. The goods to be heaped up above 

 the rim to a height at least double the depth of 

 the measure, their diameter being not less 

 than — bushel, 19^ inches; half bushel, 15^; 

 peck, 12| ; gallon, 9§ ; half gallon, 7|. 



36 bushels 1 chaldron of coals in London, 

 but sold by weight. 1 chaldron of coals at 

 Newcastle is 53 cwt. A cart of coals in Scot- 

 land is 12 cwt. ; and a deal of coals is 23 cwt. 



1 imperial gallon contains 10 lb. avoirdupois 

 of pure or distilled water; 1 pint, 1| lb. ; 1 

 bushel, 80 lb. — Vide above table. 





Cubic 





feet. 



Paving-stone contains 



14.835 



Common stone, 



14.222 



Granite, . 



13.505 



Marble, 



13-07 



Chalk, 



12.874 



Limestone, 



11.273 



English oak, 



39 



Spanish mahogany, 



42.066 



Ash and Dantzic oak, 



45 



Riga fir, . . . 



64 



Beech, 



50 



Mar Forest fir, 



51.65 



Elm, 



60 



Sand, 



24 



Clay, 



17 



Earth, 



18 



1 cubic yard of earth, before being dug, will 

 occupy 1| cubic yards when dug, and contains 21 

 striked bushels, and is considered a load ; double 

 these quantities, a double load. 



27 cubic feet is considered a load of mortar, 

 requiring in its preparation 9 bushels of lime 

 and 1 cubic yard of sand. The mass will lessen 

 one-third in bulk when made into mortar. 



40 cubic feet of rough, or 50 of hewn timber, 

 make a load or ton ; and 42 cubic feet a ton of 

 shipping. 



1 square yard of 9-inch brickwork contains 

 100 bricks — at least that number is taken for 

 general purposes; 16^ square feet of 14-inch 

 brickwork is a rod. In measuring brickwork, 

 walls of greater thickness than 14 inches, which 

 is the length of one brick and breadth of another, 

 must be reduced to that standard, and those of 

 less thickness made up to it. 



EXPANSION OF METALS. 



The expansion of copper is greater than that 

 of brass, and that of brass greater than that of 

 iron, in the proportions of 95, 89, 60. 



A rod of copper expands 100,000th part of 

 its length with every degree of heat ; and iron 

 expands 165,666th part of its length. 



TABLES USEFUL IN MAKING OUT ESTIMATES. 



1 cubic foot of rain water weighs 62^ lb., or 

 6 gallons and 1 pint, and an English 

 pint about 1 lb. 



1 ditto of salt water weighs 64| lb. 



Every 20 gallons of water, when heated, be- 

 come 21 gallons by expansion. 



Ounces. 



1 cubic inch of Zinc weighs . 4.16 



Cast-iron, . . 4.16 

 ,, Steel and bar-iron, . 4| 



Brass, . . 4.858 

 ,, Copper . . 5 



„ Silver, . . 6 



,, Lead, . . 6| 



lb. 



1 cubic foot of Paving-stone weighs 151 

 „ Mill-stone, . . 155 



Granite, . . 165.87 

 Slate, . . 167 



