HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY. 



29 



sidered to be endowed with a function complementary to 

 that of the apothecia, or female organs, so long familiar to 

 Lichenologists. Considerable facility has likewise been 

 given of late years to the study of Lichenology by the pub- 

 lication of fasciculi of dried species, classified and named, 

 by Desmazieres in France, Schserer in Switzerland, Pries in 

 Sweden, Flcerke, Flotow, Zwack, and others, in Germany, 

 Massolongo in Italy, Leighton and Bohler in Britain. 



Lichenology has never found much favour in Britain ; 

 comparatively few monographs have been devoted to the 

 subject — more particularly to the minute anatomy of native 

 species — and the descriptions and arrangement of British 

 Lichens, to be found in several general or special floras of 

 our country, are based on those laid down by Acharius fifty 

 years ago. The chief works to which reference may be 

 made for descriptions of British species are the classic 

 ' English Botany 9 of Sowerby, originally published a cen- 

 tury ago, which contains figures and short descriptions of 

 the greater number of British Lichens, arranged however 

 without any system; the elaborate but fragmentary and 

 unfinished ' Lichenographia Britannica 9 of Turner and 

 Borrer ; the < English Flora' of Sir J. E. Smith ; the < Elora 

 Scotica 9 of Sir W. Hooker ; the p Flora Scotica 9 of Light- 



