CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Introduction 1 



CHAPTER t 



History of Lichenology 18 



CHAPTER II. 



General Characters of Lichens, including- their 



Morphology and Physiology 32 



1. Vegetative System 32 



Hypothallus , 44 



Thallus 32 



Gonidia 40 



2. [Reproductive System 57 



a* Apothecia 60 



Paraphyses 64 



Thec£e 65 



Spores . . * 68 



