USES OP LICHENS. 



93 



and promote the growth of hair. The astringency of some 

 species rendered them serviceable in tanning and brewing ; 

 the beer of a certain Siberian monastery, which at one time 

 acquired a celebrity from its peculiar bitterness, owed this 

 to Sticta pulmonaria. The gum of some species has been 

 used in paper, pasteboard, and parchment-making, in 

 weaving, and in calico-printing; and various dried species 

 have been used instead of straw, or a similar material, in 

 the packing, for transport, of furniture, fruit, etc. 



Bibliography : Nutrient Properties : — Pereira's Materia Medica, vol. ii. 

 last edition : Narratives of Arctic Voyages by Eranklin, Parry, Scoresby, and 

 others : Sir George Mackenzie's Travels in Iceland : Eorskuel, Descript. des 

 Plantes d'Egypte et d'Arabie : Payen, Snr la Composition ehimique du Tissu 

 propre des Vegetaux, in ' L'Institut,' 1837, and rev. in the Kay Society's Re- 

 ports on Botany, 1845 : Mulder, Vegetable and Animal Chemistry. Medicinal 

 Properties : — Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia : Woodville, Medical 

 Botany : Grave, Hortus Medicus : Lindley, Medical and Economical Botany : 

 Murray, Apparatus Medicaminum, vol. v. Tinctorial Properties, Dyeing 

 Matters, and General Chemistry: — Stenhouse in Philosophical Transactions, 

 1848 : Proceedings of Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1848-49 : Louden, 

 Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 1848, etc.: Kane in Philo- 

 sophical Trans., 1840 : Westring in the Stockholm Transactions, 1792 to 

 1799 : Papers by Schunck, Laurent and Gerhardt, Rochleder and Heldt, 

 Schnedermann and Kopp, Herberger, Heeren, Schlossberger, etc., in the 

 Annales de Chimie, Liebig and Kopp's Annalen, Journal de Pharmacie et de 

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 chemical and scientific journals of Britain and the Continent : Edmonston 



