CLADONJA. 



275 



baked into bread ; or it is boiled in milk or broth. Clarke, 

 in his Travels, mentions having eaten it, and even speaks of 

 it in a commendatory way. It is sold by the London her- 

 balists for the purposes of the bird-stuffer. In a pulverized 

 state it at one time formed a frequent ingredient in hair- 

 powders and perfumes. This species has no -distinct cor- 

 tical layer ; its podetia or ramules are hollow tubes, whose 

 walls consist of a cartilaginous membrane composed of two 

 layers of filamentous tissue. The internal layer is dense, 

 horny, and whitish, and consists of solid, simple, parallel 

 filaments closely united* The external layer is much thinner, 

 and is composed of a somewhat lax felted network of equally 

 solid, ramose, interlacing filaments, mixed here and there 

 with groups of gonidia, so scattered as to communicate only 

 a pale green colour. Its spermogones are the blackish apices 

 of the nodding extremities of the sterile ramules. They are 

 usually grouped, two to five frequently occurring together • 

 they form tub-shaped bodies having a simple cavity. Their 

 spermatia are cylindrical, curved, very abundant, and in 

 water exhibit a vivid Brownian movement. 

 **** Podetia papillqform or nodulose, devoid of scyphi or 

 infundibula. 



12. Cladonia Papillaria {papilla, the nipple). Podetia 



