310 



POPULAR HISTORY OF LICHENS. 



miliar to Liclienologists — under the name of CejoJialodia or 

 other designations — as black tubercles, warts, or points on 

 the thallus, or as black, deformed states of the apothecia, 

 of various common Lichens, and especially of foliaceous 

 species ; but they have generally been regarded as abortive 

 apothecia, or as parasitic fungi. In illustration, we may 

 cite the black-punctate conditions of the thallus of Parmelia 

 conspersa (var. ahortiva of Schserer), Parmelia saxatilis (var. 

 parasitica of Schserer), and Stieta fuliginosa (var. ahortiva of 

 Schserer), and the black, deformed state of the apothecia of 

 Stieta pulmonaria (var. pleurocarpa of Schserer) . " Lichenes 

 in aliis parasitici normaliter nulli genuini," says Fries ; a 

 much too sweeping assertion, as has been satisfactorily proved 

 by the recent researches of Continental Liclienologists. We 

 know that many Fungi are parasitic on plants belonging to 

 the same natural family ; and there is good ground for the 

 prediction that, when the more minute and hitherto little 

 studied Lichens are thoroughly investigated by the aid of 

 the microscope, we shall find the same phenomenon occur- 

 ring among the Lichens, though perhaps not to the same 

 extent. The presence of stylospores in two of the genera 

 — Abrotliallus and Scutula — has been regarded by some 

 authors as a justification for placing them among the Fungi; 



