344 



INDEX. 



Nutrients, use as, 82, 83, 129, 153, 156, 175, 183, 273. 

 Nutrient principles, chemistry of, 80; applications of, 82, 83. 



Oils in the thaUus, 92, 209. 



Oil-globules in protoplasm of spores, 69, 241, 298, 300 ; of thecse, 67. 

 Orcellic acid, 84. 



" Orchella-weeds/\90, 134; botanical sources of, 135 ; geographical sources 

 of, 134; commercial value, 136 ; economical applications, 86, 136 ; pro- 

 posed substitutes for, 89 ; new fields of export of, 135. 



Orchill, ancient and modern history of, 85 ; botanical sources of, 89, 135 ; 

 chemistry of, 84, 86 ; economical applications of, 86 ; mode of manufac- 

 ture of, 85, 86, 220 ; origin of name of, 131 ; commercial value of, 136 ; 

 from native Lichens, 149, 173, 177, 179, 190, 221, 224, 233. 



Orizabo, Lichens growing on, 174, 210, 269. 



" Orn-massa " of Scandinavia, 223. 



" Orseille d'Auvergne," 220. 



Ostiole, 60, 287, 290, 294, 295, 296, 301, 306. 



Oxalate of lime (vide Lime). 



Oxalic acid, 91, 297. 



Packing, use of, in, 93. 

 Paint, black, Lichens yielding a, 177. 

 Paper-making, use in, 93, 126, 142, 158. 

 Papilla?, thalline, 306. 



Papillate apothecium, 173 ; papillate podetia, 275. 

 Papulose thallus, 279, 291. 

 Paramaleic acid, 91. 



Paraphyses, colour, 64 ; structure and form, 64, 284, 293, 298 ; functions., 



65 ; reaction of iodine on, 113. 

 Parasitic species, 258, 308, 309. 

 Parchment-making, use in, 93, 142. 



