474 Co-operative Movement in Denmark, [sept., 



The elections hold for a year. The committee appoints a 

 manager, who is generally paid a lump sum yearly, out of 

 which he has to pay the employees and himself. This system 

 has many obvious disadvantages, and it is not unlikely that 

 it will in time be changed. The manager, besides engaging 

 the employees and supervising the working of the dairy, has 

 to keep the books and generally control the whole business of 

 the undertaking. 



Fittings of the Creamery. — The creamery is almost invari- 

 ably supplied with steam-driven centrifugal machines, and 

 has one or more separators and pasteurisers, according to 

 the amount of milk dealt with. The machines generally drive 

 an electric plant and a cooling apparatus. All utensils are 

 very carefully cleaned, as are the milk cans before their 

 return to the farmer. Most of the machines and utensils 

 appear to be of Danish manufacture, but English and 

 German marks are sometimes seen. Great attention is paid 

 to cleanliness in every department, and the farmers 

 also are required to observe a very high standard in this 

 respect. 



Cartage of Milk. — The cartage of milk is generally done 

 by the dairy society, who, in most cases, let it out to a 

 contractor. The dairy charges the farmer so much per 

 hundred pounds of milk. These charges vary from three to 

 ten ore (rather less than \&. to about ij<2.). The farmers are 

 bound to deliver the milk on the main road, where it is col- 

 lected by the carrier. It is a common sight in Denmark to see 

 two or three milk cans standing by the side of the road for the 

 carrier to pick up. These cans hold a hundred pounds of 

 milk, and are supplied by the dairy. 



Treatment of the Milk. — The milk is weighed on receipt at 

 the creamery and entered to the subscriber's account. Pay- 

 ment is made according to the amount of butter-fat contained 

 in the milk. Every dairy makes regular tests of the milk 

 supplied by its subscribers, and any falling below a certain 

 standard is immediately notified to him, and if the fault is 

 not remedied his milk is refused. Great care is also exercised 

 to prevent milk from any diseased animals being sent to the j 

 creamery. Some co-operative societies even go the length j 

 of undertaking partially to indemnify a subscriber who sus- 



