i9i i.] International Congress at Madrid. 



493 



an educational character. Societies for the promotion of tree- 

 planting and forestry should be encouraged. 



Viticulture and Fruit Growing. — The fifth section of the 

 Congress was devoted to viticulture and wine-making, and, in 

 view of its importance in the southern countries of Europe, 

 the subject naturally attracted much attention. The sixth 

 section was devoted to fruit trees, and also chiefly concerned 

 itself with fruits grown in Southern Europe, such as the 

 orange, lemon, and olive. 



Insects and fungi attacking these trees were the subject of 

 two reports, and, taking as a basis the results which have been 

 attained in the U.S.A. by the introduction of certain useful 

 insects parasitic on harmful insects, the Congress expressed 

 the desire that entomologists in the different countries should 

 request their respective Governments to undertake the study 

 and .classification of these useful insects, and to facilitate the 

 exchange of colonies of these insects with countries where 

 insects which they destroy are prevalent. 



Live Stock. — In the seventh section, the feeding of cattle 

 was the most important consideration. The Congress ex- 

 pressed the desire that the procedure with regard to the 

 analysis of feeding stuffs for animals in different countries 

 should be made uniform, and that tables of feeding values for 

 different districts should be drawn up, showing the great 

 differences between the nutritive value of products according 

 to their place of origin. Such tables should be brought 

 together in pamphlet form, for distribution to breeders, and 

 should include typical model rations for different animals by 

 districts. 



Another resolution asked for uniformity in sanitary regula- 

 tions relating to animals, and the spread among agriculturists 

 of a practical knowledge of the hygiene of animals. 



The section also dealt with methods of treatment of grass- 

 land, and asked for the creation of organisations whose special 

 duty it would be to act as intermediaries for the purchase of 

 seeds, of which the quality should be guaranteed. 



Manures. — The object of the eighth section was to collect 

 information on the application of new manures produced by 

 the absorption of nitrogen from the air. 



As a result of the papers presented to the Congress, the con- 



