Two molécules of mallic acid are changed by dehydration 

 etc. to cumalic acid, by means of ammoniac this is changed 

 to pyridon carbonic acid (a pyridin-derivative). 



Through further changes of this body allready contai- 

 ning apyridin nucleus the higher pyridin- derivatives, the 

 alcaloids could be formed. 



It is consequently not at ail impossible that the alcaloids 

 are formed by direct synthesis and not as décomposition pro- 

 ducts of proteids. 



As our experiments have shown that leaves having am. 

 monia (as NR 4 C1) to their disposition can form alcaloid 

 it is of importance to find out whether the ammonia pla} T s 

 a rôle there as can be ascribed to it according to the 

 theoretical considérations mentioned before. 



How does this concern the Cinchona alcaloids? Thèse 

 are derivatives of higher boches of the pyridin- séries. As 

 pyridin is the nucleus of the alcaloids considered above, 

 so quinoleine (synonymous with leucol, leucoline and qui- 

 noline) is the nucleus of the Cinchona alcaloids. While py- 

 ridin contains but one benzine ring, quinoleine containstwo. 

 That such bodies with two benzine rings can be obtained 

 from boches containing but one is seen f'rom the fact that 

 quinoleine lias been obtained from cinnamomic acid a body 

 containing but one benzine nucleus. 



In the most différent parts of the Cinchona trees we 

 find an acid containing a benzine ring, it is called cinchona 

 acid ( Kinasaure ) . 



It is consequently not at ail impossible that cinchona 

 acid by means of an ammonia-derivative could be chan- 

 ged to quinoleine. 



From this quinoleine 7 phenylquinoleine can be déri- 

 vée!, which after Konigs (v. Pictet. p. 94) can be consi- 

 dered as the mother substance of the Cinchona alcaloids. 



A large distance yet séparâtes the alcaloids from this 



