64 



fortress and of a stately dwelling- house. We should compare it 

 with Woodford Castle which we visited in 1916, and which was 

 built in 1350, only 42 years earlier than Wardour. Its double 

 character had its value in times of turbulent unrest, but England 

 became sufficiently civilised to have no use for these places which 

 could be held as fortifications, and their disappearance as such in 

 the XVII. century marks an onward step. Happy are we that the 

 change has left us such a beautiful ruin, and the possibility of 

 such an excursion as we are making- to-day. 



THE TREES ON THE HORSESHOE, 

 BOURNEMOUTH. 



(By H. Backhouse and the Rev. C. O. S. Hatton, B.A., F.L.S.) 



TN addition to the Alphabetical list of Trees growing on the 

 Horseshoe Common given overleaf, the following particulars 

 may be of interest, and will help anyone more easily to identify the 

 species : — 



I. PINES WITH LEAVES IN PAIRS. 

 (1) Buds Resinous. 



E Pinus M uric at A. Bishop's Pine. Leaves 3- Tin. long, deep 

 green. Leaf-sheatn persistent, ^-f in. long ; cones obliquely 

 egg-shaped, 2-|— 3fin. long and remaining on tree 25-30 

 years ; boss on scales terminated by stiff hooked spine ;, 

 native of California. 



G P. Sylvestris. Scotch Pine. Leaves glaucous 2-3|in. long ; 

 cones, 1-l^in. long, conical. The trunk has a beautiful red 

 tinge, and is smooth, although in old trees it becomes 

 fissured. Native of nearly all Europe, including Britain, 

 also parts of Siberia. In the South of England, however, 

 it died out and was reintroduced about the middle of the 

 18th century. 



J P. Densiflora. Japanese Red Pine. Leaves dark green on 

 both surfaces, 2|~4in. long ; leaf-sheath J-f in. long, per- 

 sistent ; cones, H-2in. long. Introduced from Japan in 

 1854. 



Y P. Contorta. Beach Pine. Leaves l^-2Jin. long ; dark green ; 

 persisting three, four or more years ; leaf-sheath, 8-16in. 

 long, persistent; cones, conical, ud to~2in. long: the scales 

 terminated bv a slender spine. The cones remain on the 

 tree four or five years or longer. Native of Western North 

 America. 



N P. Laricio. Corsican Pine. Leaves dark green, 4-Tin. long; 

 leaf-sheath about iin. long. Cones often in pairs or threes, 

 bright brown, 2-3in. long, mostly unarmed; leaf-sheath 



