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the connection between the single plants can of course early decay. 

 If we consider the fig. 16 we find, that each of the young plants 

 is separated by a cell wall in the rhizome-like filament from the 

 next young plant, each in this way receiving a piece of the rhi- 

 zome from which rhizoids grow out downwards. Most probably 

 the young plants are easily separated at these walls and in this 

 way become separate individuals. 



The quite young stem has thin walls and no constrictions, but 

 these begin at an early stage to be developed from the base, pro- 

 gressing upwards. When the stem has reached a height of about 

 4 — 5 cms it will be quite 

 annularly constricted 

 with exception of the 

 uppermost part. Then 

 the formation of the 

 cup-shaped head will 

 take its beginning (fig. 

 17 a, 6, c, d). First, 

 much of the cell-con- 

 tent accumulates in the 

 top of the cell and the 

 obtuse apex elongates, 

 becoming conical. Then 

 the cell contents here 

 divide simultaneously 

 into two or most often 

 three (fig. 17 a) separate 

 parts, the largest lowest, 

 the smallest at the top. 

 Each of these parts be- 

 coming surrounded with 



a membrane grow again closely together, the plant in this way 

 now consisting of a very large cell in the stern and three (seldom 

 only two) smaller at its top. These cells and the uppermost end 

 of the stem swell somewhat and after reaching a certain thickness 

 a whorl of some small warty outgrowths emerge at their upper- 

 most end (fig. 17 b). These small warty outgrowths are the begin- 

 ning of the filaments of which the head is composed. In the lowest 

 of these four (seldom three) whorls of filaments we find a number 

 of about 20, in those higher up fewer, from the uppermost small 



Fig.16. Base of Chamœdoris Peniculum (Sol.) O.K. 



Young stems growing up from the rhizome-like filament to 

 the left, (about 3:1). 



