4 



no part of the red inner lining would be visible when the lips were 

 naturally closed : a little of this lining, which forms what is com- 

 monly understood by * lip ' in man, might be shown by the under lip 

 of the Gorilla, but it is obscured by added pigment, as in most negro 

 races. The chin is short and receding, but the whole face is promi- 

 nent. The circumference of a front view of the head presents an 

 oval with the great end downward and the upper end very narrow, 

 owing to the parietal ridge, in the old male. The superorbital or 

 cranial part is confined to the upper fourth in this view, and the 

 bestial aspect of the visage is much increased when the huge promi- 

 nent tusks are exposed by opening the lips. The eyelids have eye- 

 lashes almost as in man ; but the eyebrow is not defined, the hair of 

 the head extending to the supraciliary roll, which is almost devoid of 

 hair. In a direct front view the ears are rather above the level of 

 the eyes : they are as much smaller in proportion to the head, as in 

 the Chimpanzee they are larger, in comparison with man ; but in 

 structure they resemble the human auricle more than does the ear of 

 any other ape. 



The tragus and anti-tragus, the helix and anti-helix, the concha, 

 the fossa of the anti-helix and the lobulus are distinctly defined : the 

 chief difference is the large size of the concha compared with the 

 fossa of the anti-helix and the lobulus : but though the lobulus is 

 small it is distinctly marked and pendulous, while it is sessile in the 

 Chimpanzee and Orang. Both tragus and anti-tragus are nearly as 

 prominent as in man. The helix is reflected or folded centrally from 

 its origin to opposite the anti-tragus as in man, whereas, in the 

 Chimpanzee the fold subsides opposite the fossa of the anti-helix, 

 and the rest of the margin of the auricle is simple, not folded. The 

 upper part of the helix is more produced in the Gorilla than in man, 

 and the greatest breadth of the ear is above the concha, in which the 

 incisura intertragica is less deep than in man. 



The skin of the face is naked and much wrinkled ; a pretty deep 

 indent divides the nasal ala from the cheek, and becomes shallower 

 as it bends upward, inward, and downward to the median indent 

 between the alse. The hairy part of the scalp is continued to the 

 superorbital prominence, and thence the hair-clad skin is continued 

 outward and downward upon the sides of the deep cheeks, where 

 the hair is long. The chest is of great proportional capacity, and 

 the shoulders very wide across. The profile of the trunk behind 

 describes a slight convexity from the nape, which projects beyond 

 the occiput, downward to the sacrum : there is no inbending at 

 the loins, which seem wanting. The abdomen is prominent both 

 before and at the sides. The pectoral regions are slightly marked 

 and show the pair of nipples placed as in the Chimpanzee and Man. 

 In the male the penis is short and subcorneal, the prepuce is devoid 

 of fraenum ; the scrotum is broade* and more sessile than in man : 

 the perinaeum is longer, the anus being placed further back than in 

 man. There is no trace of ischial callosities. The glutaei are better 

 developed and give more of the appearance of nates than in any other 

 anthropoid ape, but they do not project so as to meet beyond the 

 anus and conceal it. 



