172 



17. Fregilus graculus (Linn.). 



On the mountains of Cashmere. Seen generally in flocks, feeding 

 around the margin of melting snow at high elevations. Its call is 

 rough and harsh. Migrates to the Punjab in winter. 



18. Pyrrhocorax alpinus, Vieill. 



Ladakh and Tibet ; pretty common ; not seen on the Cashmere 

 ranges ; strictly alpine, and confined to the interior chains. Feeds 

 on the mulberry and other fruits ; gregarious. Easily distinguished 

 from the last by the yellow colour of the bill and dark legs. 



19. Pica tibetana, Hodgs. 



Extends all over Ladakh and Tibet, but is not found on the Cash- 

 mere ranges or southwards. This peculiarity in the habits of the 

 Asiatic bird is striking ; it prefers the bleak and woodless wastes of 

 Ladakh to the highly-cultivated lands and forests of Cashmere. I 

 believe it is identical with P. bactriana, Bonap. ; and the distinc- 

 tions between it and the British bird are by no means well-marked 

 I am inclined to consider the eastern bird only a local variety. 



20. Dendrocitta vagabunda (Vieill.). 



Pretty common in the woods and jungles of the lesser Himalayan 

 Ranges. 



21. Urocissa occipitalis (Blyth). 



Is not uncommon in the jungles and woods of the lesser ranges 

 around Simla ; replaced on the mountains of Cashmere by the Uro- 

 cissa flavirostris (Blyth), which was often met with on the banks 

 of the Jhelum in its mountain course from the Valley of Cashmere. 

 It was not seen but in this situation ; and, until I saw Mr. Blyth' s 

 description in J. A. S. xv. p. 28, I considered it an immature bird 

 of the U. occipitalis. It appears Mr. Blyth' s specimens are from 

 Cashmere. Its habits are similar to those of the other species. 



22. Nucifraga hemispila, Vig. 



Pine forests of Cashmere and surrounding mountains. Call loud 

 and discordant. 



23. Coracias in dic a, Linn. 



Very common in the Valley of Cashmere, and frequently seen in 

 cultivated districts in Ladakh and Tibet. 



Note. — Mr. Blyth, in the 'Cat. As. Soc. Mus.' p. 51, mentions 

 the C. garrula as found in N.W. India and Cashmere. I have not 

 seen it anywhere in the Punjab or Western Ranges, including Cash- 

 mere, and doubt if it frequents any part of N.W. India eastward of 

 the Khyber Pass. 



24. Garrulus gularis, Gray. 



Not common on the Cashmere Mountains ; often seen on the 

 lesser Himalayan Ranges, near Simla, to the eastward of Cashmere. 



