174 



38. Brachypternus aurantius (Linn.). 



Woods and forests of Cashmere, not seen in the valley ; by no 

 means common. 



39. Certhia himalayana, Vig. 



Woods and forests of the lesser ranges and Cashmere ; pretty 

 common. 



40. SlTTA HIMALAYANA, Gould. 



Generally distributed in wooded districts in the valley and sur- 

 rounding mountains. 



41. Upupa epops, Linn. 



Plentiful in the Valley of Cashmere and in Ladakh, but only 

 during the summer months. Migrates southwards to the Punjab 

 and India in winter. 



42. Tichodroma muraria (Linn.). 



Its favourite haunts are rocky and precipitous, sides of rivers and 

 streams in and out of the valley ; generally seen single ; has no call 

 note. 



43. Ceryle rudis (Linn.). 



Pretty common on the rivers and streams in the valley and ranges 

 southwards. 



44. Alcedo bengalensis, Gmel. 



A common tenant on all the streams and lakes in the Valley of 

 Cashmere. 



45. Merops viridis, Linn. 



Not seen in the Valley of Cashmere or in Ladakh, but pretty 

 common on the lesser Himalayan Ranges. 



46. Merops aptaster, Linn. 



Common in the valley and surrounding mountains ; generally seen 

 in flocks. 



47. OXYLOPHUS MELANOLEUCTJS, (Blyth). 



Very common in the dense brushwood in the Valley of Cashmere. 

 A noisome bird, and more frequently heard than seen. 



48. Cuculus canorus, Linn. 



Common in the valley and Ladakh. Continues its well-known 

 call until the end of June. I have seen the Cuckoo among the 

 stunted birch-trees on the high ranges at an elevation of 13,000 feet 

 above the level of the sea. It wanders all over the Western Hima- 

 layas wherever vegetation exists, and may be heard calling even in 

 July close to the confines of perpetual snow. 



