186 



141. Coturnix pentah (Sykes). 



Often observed on the lesser ranges southwards, in small flocks 

 in bushy places. 



142. Tetraogallus himalayensis (Gray). 



Frequents the high ranges around the valley and mountains of 

 Ladakh, close to the confines of perpetual snow. Its peculiar, wail- 

 ing cry is very striking ; but from its tardy motions when on the 

 ground, and colour of the plumage, it is not easily discover eduntil 

 approached within a few yards. 



143. Lerva nivicola, Hodg. 



Frequents like situations with the last species. Seldom seen under 

 10,000 feet, on the high ranges of Cashmere and Ladakh ; generally 

 seen in flocks from sixteen to twenty. Call-note, a harsh whistle. 



144. Francolinus vulgaris, Stephens. 



Common in cultivated localities on the lesser ranges ; never in the 

 Valley of Cashmere or Ladakh. The bird of the hills differs in size 

 from that found in the plains of India ; and its plumage is more bril- 

 liant. I have not compared the two. Many sportsmen consider 

 them distinct ; I think the differences are merely local. 



145. Francolinus ponticerianus (Gm.). 



Is abundant on the low hills of the lesser ranges bordering the 

 Punjab, but not near the Valley or northwards. 



146. Pucrasia macrolopha (Lesson). 



Common on the ranges near Simla eastward. There is a species 

 very common in the jungles and woods of Cashmere, which I have 

 not examined and am inclined to consider different from the above. 

 Its crow is like that of the domestic cock, but not so prolonged. The 

 Valley of the Duchinpara and surrounding ranges of the Northern 

 Pinjal are its favourite and particular localities. 



147. Gallophasis albocristatus (Gould). 



Rare on the Cashmere ranges ; more plentiful on those near the 

 Punjab. This and P. macrolopha are not seen in the same localities. 

 Both are common on certain ranges around Simla, — the G. albocris- 

 tatus low down, while the P. macrolopha inhabits the oak and pine 

 forests at higher elevations on the same ranges. 



148. Syrrhaptes tibetanus (Gould). 



Flocks of this species may be seen around the freshwater lakes of 

 Ladakh. In habits they resemble the other species of Sand-grouse, 

 and emit a similar cry when on the wing. Not found southward of 

 Ladakh. 



149. Pterocles fasciatus (Scop.). 



Confined to the jungles of the lesser ranges near the Punjab. 

 Pretty common. 



