448 



(< From a comparison of many specimens, showing both sexes in 

 maturity, and the young in various stages of progression towards it, 

 I am led to conclude that the body does not reach its full size under 

 two or three years, and that the bill and casque, especially the latter, 

 are not perfectly developed in less than four or five years." 



Mr. Hodgson also gives an elaborate description of the growth of 

 the young, and also a description of the skeleton by Dr. M. J. 

 Bramley. An account of its anatomy is given by Prof. Owen in the 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 102. 



The Rev. J. Mason, in his work on Burmah, states of the Concave 

 Hornbill, " Their nests are constructed in a superior manner of clay 

 in the stumps or hollows of old trees. After the female has laid 

 five or six eggs, the male bird shuts her entirely in with mud, except 

 a small hole where she can only peep out her head. Here she must 

 sit during her incubation, for if she breaks through the enclosure, 

 her life pays the forfeit ; but, to compensate for the loss of freedom, 

 her spirited mate is ever on the alert to gratify his dainty mistress, 

 who compels him to bring all her viands unbroken, for if a fig or any 

 fruit be injured, she will not touch it." 



Capt. Tickell, writing from the Tenasserim provinces, remarks : 

 " I obtained the egg of B. cavatus, and have seen with my own eyes 

 that the male builds the female in, by covering the hole in the tree 

 where she incubates with mud, leaving only room for her bill to 

 protrude and receive food from his ! y I thought that this was a fable." 

 —J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 279. 



130. Hydrocxssa convexa. 



Buceros convexus, Temm. PI. Col. 530 (2). 



Hydrocissa convexa, Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 591. 



Buceros intermedins, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1847, p. 994 ; xviii. 

 p. 803 ; Catal. Birds Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 43. 



Buceros albirostris, apud Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 175. 



Buceros malabaricus, apud Raffles, id. p. 291 ; Vigors, App. Mem. 

 Raffles, p. 666. 



Buceros violaceus, apud Hay, Madras Journ. xiii. pt. 2. p. 148. 

 Klinglingan, Java (Horsfield). 

 Angka Angka, Sumatra (Raffles). 

 Mattee See-cawan, Malays (Cantor). 



Adult males from Malacca, and adult and young of both sexes 

 from Pinang. 



In plumage this species is like H. albirostris (Shaw), but with 

 the four lateral pairs of tail feathers wholly white in adults (in 

 the young these are black at base), and the middle pair tipped with 

 white. 



Bill and casque yellowish-white, the latter with a black patch, 

 as in H, albirostris. " Naked space round the eyes and sides of 

 throat bluish- white." — Dr. Cantor, 



131. Hydrocissa malayana. 



Buceros malayanus. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 292 (1822); 



