108 



and in Chiridota discolor. Quite independently of Mertens' ob- 

 servations (which remained unknown till published by Ludwig) 

 0rsted observed these organs and gave excellent drawings of 

 them and their arrangement in the Synaptula. 



Also the development of the anchors and anchor-plates was 

 seen quite correctly by 0rsted (cfr. Fig. 1). Quatrefages 

 figured in 1842 a few of the later stages found in "Synapta" du- 

 verncea and only later on, 1854 Ay res states that the first rudi- 

 ments of the anchors appear before those of the anchor-plates. 

 0rsted's figure (Fig. 1) which was drawn in 1845, shows all the 

 various developmental stages of the anchors and anchor-plates. 

 Even the arrangement of the anchors at a right angle to the 

 longitudinal axis of the specimen is shown correctly in the figure 

 of the fully developed young (cfr. Pl. III). 



As a matter of fact 0rsted's observations were far ahead of 

 his time, and had his figures been published then, in 1849, he 

 would have acquired the honour of being one of the pioneers in 

 the study of the anatomy and development of the Holothurians. 



Subfamily I. Synaptinae. 



0stergren. 1898. Das System der Synaptiden. pag. 111. 

 Clark. 1908. The Apodous Holothurians. pag. 70. 



The subfamily Synaptinae was established in 1898 by 0ster- 

 gren for the 6 genera: 



Euapta 



Chondrocloea 



Synapta 



Labidoplax 



Protankyra 



Anapta 



It is accepted by Clark in "The Apod. Holoth." but comprises 

 in this work 11 different genera. 0stergren's genus Euapta was 

 divided into two by Fisher who regards the species with numerous 

 stone-canals as a separate genus, Opheodesoma. The genus Chondrocloea 

 was again divided by Clark into three different genera. To the first 

 of these the name Synapta Eschscholtz is applied, with "Holothuria" 

 maculata Chamisso & Eysenhardt as the genotype. 0stergren's 



