308 



MONORCHIS (Mont., 1893), type monorchis.— Looss, 1902i; 1902k; 1903n; 1905h. 



monorchis (Stoss., 1890) Looss, 1902i, 117, fig. 1 (in Cantharus orbicularis, Oblata 

 melanura; Triest). 



parvus Looss, 1902i, 118, fig. 2 (in Sargus annularis, S. rondeletii; Triest). 

 MONOSICHYA Braun, 1890a, 401. See Monossichya. 



MONOSSICHYA Cosmovici, 1887, supergeneric (includes Monostomum). — Mont., 



1888a, 84, see Monosichya. 

 MONOSTAMA Megnin, 1890c, 88, 89, for Monostoma. 



MONOSTOMA a Zed., 1800a, 16, 147-160 (Festucaria Schrank, renamed, hence type 

 anatis).— Andral, 1829, 617 — Baillet, 1866b, 107.— Bellingham, 1844a, 

 335-336.— Ben., 1858a, 1861a, 69; 1870, 363; 1870c, 142.— Ben. & Hesse, 

 1864, 61 — Blainv., 1828a, 582.— E. BL, 1847, 303-304.— R. Bl., 1888a, 541, 

 542.— de Bonis, 1882, 103.— Brand., 1888a, 12; 1892, 504-511 (revision).— 

 Braun, 1883a, 52, 59; 1890a, 514, 515; 1892a, 681, 696, 710, 722, 748, 768, 769, 

 770, 772; 1893a, 872, 879, 884, 886, 887, 890, 893, 894, 895, 896, 913, 914, 918; 

 1895b, 121, 128, 134, 137, 154; 1901, 561.— Bremser, 1824, 132.— Burm., 1837, 

 530.— Carus, 1863, 479.— Cerf., 1894, 946; 1898b, 356 (sp. in Cygnus musi- 

 cus).— Cohn, 1904, 235, 237.— Cosmovici, 1887a, 128, 129.— Crep., 1829, 1, 

 49 (Monostomum); 1839, 285.— Dav., 1877, 73.— Deslongchamps, 1824ee, 551, 

 555.— Dies., 1834a, 1231; 1850a, .287, 319-331 (syns. Cucullanus Mueller 

 ["Cuculanus"], Festuc. Schrank, Fasc. Gceze, Amphist. 'Rud., Dist. Zed., 

 Monost. Zed.), 400 (syn. of Amphist.), 411 (syn. of Notocotyle), 414 (syn. of 

 AspidogasterBaer), 609 (of Numan; syn. of Pentast.); 1855a, 380 (cf. Cheilost.), 

 384; 1855, 62; 1858e, 312, 324-329.— Duj., 1845a, 342-343.— Dunglison, 1893, 

 1174.— Eichwald, 1829a, 249.— Eiss, 1838, 23.— Fischer, 1840, 156.— Fischder., 

 1902a, 6.— Gamb., 1896a, 73.— Goldb., 1855a, 17, 27.— Gunther, 1858, 205.— 

 Hahn & Lefevre, 1884, 806 (of Rud.).— L'Herminier, 1826, 10.— Hoyle, 1890, 

 535, 539 (type mutabile).— Jackson, 1888, 644, 654.— Jaegers., 1901, 979.— 

 Joy, 1835a, 504.— Kholodk., 1898, 33, 34; 1899a, 153.— Kolenati, 1857, 11.— 

 Kuech., 1855, 180.— Lamarck, 1816, 185-186.— Lamouroux, 1822a, 194.— 

 Leuck., 1863a, 61, 66, 451, 524, 632-633; 1879, 78; 1886d, 34, 59, 64.— Linst., 

 1901, 2.— Looss, 1885b, 56; 1896b, 147; 1899b, 658; 1901, 192, 193 (ocreatum= 

 Dist. lorum Meln.; verrucosum to Notocotyle; bombynge=M. ellipticum= 

 Dist. variegatum; mutabile=type of Cycloccelum; prismaticum==type by 

 elimination); 1902m, 562, 564, 566, 568 (prismaticum type after Looss, 1901, 

 but a distome after Mont., 1892; mutabile type of Cycloccelum Brand, in 

 1892; type of Monost. by elimination after Luehe, 1901; see also Looss, 1902m, 

 707; mutabile might be type, Looss, 1902m, 719), 700, 701, 702, 703, 707, 710, 

 719, 720, 721, 728, 729, 730, 746, 812, 813, 842.— Luehe, 1901, 174, 175; 1901, 

 481.— Mayer, 1841, 4.— Moniez, [1899a], 159.— Mont., 1888, 7, 11, 64, 69 (Monos- 

 tumum), 71, 73, 83, 84, 93, 106; 1892c, 514-534, figs. 1-22 (sp. in Box salpa); 

 1892d, 23 pp., 22 figs.; 1892, 31; 1892, Oct. 7, 183, 189, 199 (syn. of Aspido- 

 gaster) (of Rud.), 214 (g. of Monostomid&e) ; 1892, 709 (Monostonum) ; 1893, 

 15, 25, 27, 105, 115.— Moul., 1856a, 12, 15.— Nord., 1840, 614, 622-623.— 

 Olfers, 1816, 22, 48.— Par., 1887, 327.— Pratt, 1900a, 645; 1902a, 890.— Rail., 

 1891, 26.— Ratzel, 1868, in 19 pp.— Rud., 1809a, 5, 20-21, 36-37, 325, pi. 12, 

 fig. 5; 1819a, 82, 340, 583.— Schneidemuehl, 1896, 295.— Schneider, 1866, 

 334.— Sieb., 1854, 20, 29.— Stiles, 1902s, 28.— Stoss., 1898, 63.— Tasch., 1879, 

 232, 233, 258 (syn. of AspidogasterBaer); 1879, 611.— Villot, 1878, 19.— Vogt, 



a Monostoma represents a complicated case, so far as its type is concerned, and well 

 represents "a ship without a rudder." 



There can be no question but that Monostoma was a deliberate renaming of Festu- 

 caria 1788, the name being changed for purely subjective reasons. The fact that Zeder 

 did not specifically mention the original species of Festucaria does not seem to bear 

 upon the question, for he gave "die mir bekannten Arten, " and he refers to the original 

 reference of Festucaria; thus the case is similar to Taenia Linn., 1758a, renamed 

 Alyselminthus Zed., 1800. In our opinion the type must be the same as that of 

 Festucaria, and this has been fixed by elimination to Festucaria anatis. The question 

 whether or not this is a species inquirenda can not, so far as we see, come up at present. 

 A deliberate renaming deserves to be treated in only one way and, logically, we see 

 only one way to treat it. 



Hoyle (in 1890, probably 1888, possibly earlier) designated mutabile as type of 

 Monostoma. Looss (1901) by elimination designated prismaticum as type. 



Had Monostoma not been a case of renaming, we should accept Hoyle's designation. 



