HOLLOW-HORNED RUMINANTS. 



13 



larger of these is the Somali Wild Ass (E. asinus somaliensis, 

 1015), distinguished by the absence of stripes on the back and 

 shoulders and the presence of dark barrings on the legs ; it is 

 represented by a specimen shot by Lt.-Col. A. Paget. Side by 

 side with this is an example of the smaller Nubian race (E. «. 

 africanus, 1014), from the Atbara River, presented in 1904 by the 

 Hon. Charles Rothschild, which shows the narrow stripe along the 

 middle of the back, and the broader but very short one across the 

 shoulders characteristic of the race, in which the legs are uniformly 

 coloured. 



Suborder ARTIODACTYLA. 



The members of this suborder are distinguished from the Perisso- |"i j0wer 



dactyla by numerous anatomical peculiarities, among which the Mammal 



structure of the limbs is the most striking externally. The third Q^e^Il 



and fourth toes of all the feet are almost equally developed and to 66; 



flattened on their inner or contiguous surfaces, so that each is not ", lost °^ 

 • • i i i the cases 



symmetrical in itself, but when the two are placed together they in the 



form a figure symmetrically disposed to a line drawn between j-^^^ 



them (the so-called " cloven hoof Or, in other words, the gallery, 



axis, or median line of the whole foot is a line drawn between the an( * al f 



• rm ii i those in 



third and fourth toes. ihese may be the only toes present, or the Cor- 



there may be also the second and fifth, but always of much ridors.] 



smaller size. A large number of species have a pair of horns or 



antlers growing from the frontal bones. This group includes the 



Hollow-horned Ruminants (Oxen, Sheep, Goats, and Antelopes), 



Giraffes, Deer, Chevrotains, Camels, and Pigs. They (especially 



the first-named) are now the dominating members of the great 



Ungulate order, widespread in geographical range, rich in generic 



and specific variation, and numerous in individuals. 



Hollow-horned Ruminants. The Bovidce, Antilocaprida;, Giraffidce, 

 Section PECORA. an( * Cervidoe collectively constitute the 



Family Bovidae section Fecora, or True Ruminants. In 



all this extensive group of Artiodactyle 

 Ungulates there are no upper incisor teeth, and the lower canines, 

 or tusks, are approximated to the incisors to make a uniform series. 

 The molar teeth,, which are frequently very tall, have the columns 



