72 



GREAT GAME ANIMALS. 



characters of the skull, are noticeable in Elephants from different 

 parts of Africa. The most easily recognised points of distinction 

 are the size and shape of the ears. 



I. In the South African Elephant (Elephas africanus capensis) 

 the ears are enormous (4 feet 5 inches by 4 feet in a female 8 feet 

 8 inches high), somewhat square in shape, with rounded corners, 

 and a small, sharply pointed angular lappet in front. The fore- 

 head falls away towards the temples, so as to appear highly arched. 



II. The West African Elephant (E. africanus cyclotis), typically 

 from South Cameruns, also has the ears very large, but of quite 

 different shape, the contour being oval, and the lappet in the form 

 of a half-ellipse. The skin has a mosaic-like appearance, and its 

 colour is a paler grey than in the third race. 



III. In the Sudan Elephant (E. africanus oxyotis) the ears are 

 considerably smaller, and semicircular in shape, with the front 

 lappet very sharply pointed and angular. 



IV. The East African Elephant (E. africanus hnochenhaueri) , 

 typically from German East Africa, has still smaller ears, which 

 are triangular in shape, with the front lappet angulated and pointed. 

 The exhibited specimen (whose ears measure 4 feet 2\ inches by 

 3 feet 5 inches) appears to come nearest to this race. 



In addition to the above, there is a dwarf race of Elephant from 

 the Congo [E. africanus pumilio), whose height may not have 

 exceeded 7 feet. The Albert Nyanza Elephant has also been 

 separated as a distinct race, under the name of E. africanus 

 albertenstSj characterised by certain peculiarities in the form of the 

 skull, which is unusually short and broad. 



