XX 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 



Fort Frances, Rainy Eiver 86 



Falls at Rat Portage 105 



Hudson's Bay Company's Post at Rat Portage 107 



Slave Falls, Winnipeg River ........ 117 



Fort Alexander, Mouth of the Winnipeg River ..... 121 



Prairie Portage, Assinniboine River ....... 145 



Confluence of the Assinniboine and Red River 153 



The Red River at Pierre Gladieux's 165 



Birch-bark Tents, west Bank of Red River, Middle Settlement . . 200 

 Ojibway Tents on the Banks of Red River, near the Middle Settlement 202 



The Village of Pembina, Dakotah Territory 255 



Stony Mountain .■ . . .278 



Valley of the Souris, looking towards the Blue Hills of the Souris . 290 

 Valley of the Souris, opposite the Valley of the Backfat Lakes . . 291 

 Section on the Little Souris, showing ancient Beaches with Lignite 



Boulders . .294 



Fort Ellice, Beaver Creek .310 



Encampment in the Qu'appelle Valley 323 



Transverse Section of the Valley of the Qu'appelle at the Height of Land 355 

 Ridges, with Boulders, on the East andW T est side of the Height of Land 



in the Qu'appelle Valley 364 



Section on the South Branch of the Saskatchewan, showing layers 



holding Avicula Linguseformis and Avicula Nebrascana . . 381 

 Horizontal Tiers of Boulders in Drift on the South Branch, with polished 



Boulder Pavement at the Edge of the River 389 



Polished and Grooved Pavement of Boulders on the South Branch . 390 



Nepowewin Mission and Fort a la Corne 399 



Cumberland House, Pine Island Lake 449 



The Pas, or Cumberland Mission 453 



The Grand Rapid of the Saskatchewan ...... 468 



The Cat Head, Lake Winnipeg 488 



MAPS AND PLANS. 



Map to Illustrate the Narrative . . . 



to face page 



9 







172 







329 



Plan, showing the Junction of the Qu'appelle with the 







South Branch of the Saskatchewan .... 





366 



Plan of the Grand Rapid of the Saskatchewan 



)7 



471 



