273 



CHAP. XIII. 



FORT GARRY TO THE BOUNDARY LINE, VIA THE ASSINNI- 

 BOINE AND LITTLE SOURIS. 



Members of the Expedition. — Iroquois Indians from Caughnawaga. — De- 

 troit. — Sault Ste. Marie. — Grand Portage. — Fort Frances. — Red River. — 

 Expedition into the Interior. — The Start. — Supplies. — Prairie Ridges. — 

 Pigeon Traps. — Stony Mountain. — Birds. — Saline Efflorescence. — Cha- 

 racter of the Big Ridge. — The Assinniboine.— Grasshoppers. — Ojibway 

 Encampment. — Archdeacon Cochrane. — Prairie Portage. — Cliff Swallow. 

 — Thunder Storms. — Ojibways. — The Bad Woods. — Assinniboine Forest. 

 — River. — Rabbits. — Sandy Hills of the Assinniboine. — Latitude. — Di- 

 mensions of Valley. — Variation of Compass. — Sand Dunes. — Aspect of 

 Country. — Hail Storm. — "Smokes." — Balsam Spruce. — Pino Creek. — 

 The Little Souris. — Grasshoppers. — Fish. — Sioux. — Cretaceous Rocks. — 

 Blue Hills. — Pembina River. — Backfat Lakes. — Vast Prairie. — Prairie 

 Fires. — Horizontal Rocks. — Inoceramus. — Guelder Rose. — Lignite. — An- 

 cient Lake Beaches. — Sand Dimes. — Oak Lake. — Souris Sand Hills. — 

 Night Hawk. — Bog Iron Ore. — Floods in 1852. — Bois de Vache. — Grass- 

 hoppers, infinite Multitude of. — Appearance of the Sky, of Prairie. — 

 Little Souris Valley. — Tracks. — Turtle Mountain. — Sioux. — Character of 

 Prairie. — Souris Lakes. — Boulders. — Mandan Village. — Probable Source 

 of the Little Souris. — Character of the Souris south of the 49th Parallel. 

 — Absence of Timber on the 47th Parallel. 



The gentlemen whose names are subjoined composed 

 the expedition which started from Toronto for Eed Eiver 

 on the 29th April, 1858. 



Henky Youle Hind, M. A., in charge of the Expedition. 

 James Austen Dickinson, B. A., Surveyor and Engineer. 

 John Fleming, Assistant Surveyor and Draughtsman. 

 Humphrey Lloyd Hime, Photographer. 



The following Iroquois Indians were engaged at Caugh- 

 nawaga near Montreal to man the canoes : — 



VOL. I. T 



