Scientific Proceedings. ( ! 93) 2 3 



nucleoli, while in the female they remain, like the other chromo- 

 somes, in a diffused condition. This indicates that during these 

 periods these chromosomes play a more active part in the metab- 

 olism of the cell in the female than in the male. The primary 

 factor in the differentiation of the germ cells may, therefore, be a 

 matter of metabolism, perhaps one of growth. 



6 (98). "Experimental hepatic cirrhosis in dogs from re- 

 peated inhalations of chloroform " : 0. A. HERTER and 

 WM. R. WILLIAMS. 



The difficulty of inducing pronounced interstitial hepatitis in 

 dogs by means of poisons makes it of interest to report the well- 

 defined results obtained as a consequence of repeated inhalations 

 of chloroform vapor. Experiments of this character were made 

 upon three dogs. In one experiment the animal received chloro- 

 form three times a week on eighteen occasions, each inhalation 

 having been continued for an hour. For six subsequent inhalations 

 the duration of the narcosis was one and a half hour. The dura- 

 tion of the entire experiment was about eight weeks. The liver 

 everywhere was found to be the seat of an abundant, richly cellular,, 

 connective tissue growth between and into the lobules. The bile 

 ducts were proliferated, and the liver cells showed much fatty and 

 hyaline degeneration. 



In two other dogs similar experiments were carried out with the 

 exception that in each of these instances a highly satisfactory con- 

 trol was secured by first removing a small portion of normal liver 

 for subsequent comparison with the damaged liver. In one of these 

 dogs the inhalations were given eighteen times in about six weeks. 

 The animal lived somewhat longer than five months and showed 

 a well-marked though not extreme cirrhosis. The third dog was 

 narcotized forty-nine times and lived about eight months. The 

 changes in this instance were perfectly distinct, but less advanced 

 than in either of the other animals mentioned. 



The liver tissue from the first dog was subjected to an analysis 

 which showed a distinct fall in the normal percentage of the arginin 

 constituent of the protein molecule. Similar analyses show that 

 the arginin yield from protein may fall rapidly after even very short 

 exposure to toxic influences and these results, indicating early 



