24 (194) Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 



damage to living protoplasm, give much force to the contention 

 that the connective tissue overgrowth in these cases of hepatic 

 cirrhosis is secondary to changes in the chemical constitution of the 

 liver cell. A further feature of interest is the fact that in two of 

 the dogs the liver cells contained little fat at the time of autopsy. 

 Finally, it may be mentioned that although a considerable loss in 

 weight was observed in the dogs during the period of repeated 

 narcotization, this loss was subsequently recovered in spite of the 

 persistent cirrhotic changes. 



These observations open the question whether the fatty and 

 parenchymatous degenerations of the liver, which in some cases 

 follow narcosis by chloroform in the human subject, may not occa- 

 sionally pass on to interstitial cirrhosis — a single narcosis in man 

 being sufficient to induce the primary damage to the protoplasm 

 of the liver cell. 



7 (99). " Color sense in different races of mankind " : R. S. 

 WOODWORTH. 



The evolution of the color sense is very imperfectly under- 

 stood. Scarcely any direct evidence is at hand regarding the 

 color sense of animals, though some indirect evidence that various 

 classes distinguish colors is afforded by the facts of protective and 

 attractive coloration. 1 We do know from human experience, that 

 there exists a form of color vision (red-green blindness) which is 

 less complete than the usual human type, and as it appears not to 

 be pathologic, it may be a reversion. In the absence of subhuman 

 data, it is of some value to ascertain whether those races of man- 

 kind which seem to represent the more primitive stages in human 

 development are especially subject to color-blindness. The re- 

 sults of various authors go to show that other races are perhaps 

 even less subject to it than the white race. Some previously un- 

 tested races were examined by the author in association with Mr. 

 Frank G. Bruner, under the Anthropological Department of the 

 St. Louis Exposition. Of 252 adult male Filipinos (including 

 Christians and Moros), 14 were red-green blind, or 5.6 per cent. ; 

 of 75 males of the "wild tribes" of the Philippines (Igorots, Tin- 

 guianes and Bagobos), 2 were red-green blind, or 2.7 per cent. ; of 



1 See Grant Allen : The Color Sense, Its Origin and Development, 1879. W. A. 

 Nagel : Der Farbensinn der Tiere ; Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1901. 



