58 



Scientific Proceedings (36). 



became moderately distended and there was well-marked jaundice. 

 The animal died at the end of two months. The peritoneal 

 cavity contained a small amount of fluid. The liver was large 

 and bright yellow. Microscopical examination showed advanced 

 fatty degeneration with cirrhosis. Connective tissue, which is 

 more sclerotic than in the former experiments, occupies about one 

 third of the liver substance. The parenchyma shows advanced 

 fatty degeneration, but little evidence of regeneration. Newly 

 formed bile ducts are rare. 



In other animals, which have received chloroform, dilatation of 

 the superficial abdominal veins indicates the presence of hepatic 

 cirrhosis. 



36 (446) 



Shaking experiments with protozoa. 



By MAX MORSE. 



[From the Biological Laboratories of the College of the City of New 



York,] 



DeBary, Hofmeister, Horvath and Meltzer have observed that 

 various species of lower plants (Myxomycetes, Diatoms, Oscillaria 

 and Bacteria) when shaken, are brought to a quiescent condition, 

 for a longer or shorter time or even killed. The present observa- 

 tions were based upon cultures of Paramecium, Euglena, Stylonychia 

 and Spirillum (a species of Schizomycetes). Two methods of 

 shaking were used: (1) Shaking was produced by means of a 

 rotating arm moving in a radius of 25 cm. at a velocity varying 

 from 66 to 83 revolutions per minute and carrying a tube, 6 cm. long 

 within which was a phial holding 2.5 c.c. of the infusion of pro- 

 tozoa. During each revolution, consequently, the protozoa received 

 two shocks from the falling of the smaller phial within the larger 

 one. (2) Following the method of Horvath and adopted by Meltzer 

 in his experiments, a horizontal shaker, making 100 excursions per 

 minute through a path of 8.50 cm. was employed. A 250 c.c. 

 bottle containing 10 c.c. of the infusion and bearing a pycnometer 

 thermometer for registering temperature was fastened in the 

 machine and another bottle similarly equipped was placed near as 

 a check. The animals were shaken for from one to twenty-four 

 hours. 



