Influence of Oils and Lecithin on Protein Metabolism. 167 



emulsion in 0.8 per cent, sodium chloride with 5 per cent, lecithin 

 as emulsifier. The dog was kept in the Voit-Pettenkoffer respira- 

 tion apparatus for about twenty-three hours out of the twenty- 



Date. 



Food, etc. 



Weight. 



N in urine 

 +0.1 gm. 

 for feces, 

 gm. 



C of 

 respira- 

 tion, 

 gm. 



Total 

 calories. 



Calories per 

 kilo. 



March 30 



5th day fasting. 



9.89 



3-15 



34.28 



4OI.3 



40.5 



March 31 



80 c.c. emulsion (52 gm. 















oil) injected subcuta- 















neously. 



9.84 



3-29 



40.50 



484.3 



49.2 



April 1 



Fasting. 



9.82 



2.87 



36.02 



420.5 



42.8 



April 2 



80 c.c. emulsion taken 















per os voluntarily. 



9-73 



3.18 



41.78 



489.6 



50.3 



four, and the total metabolism was calculated from the total output 

 of nitrogen and carbon. The dog developed a small abscess from 

 one of the points of injection but there was no fever up to the time 

 the experiment closed, hence we believe the figures given represent 

 a true comparison between the effect of fat fed subcutaneously and 

 the same quantity of the same fat given by mouth. On both food 

 days it will be observed that the total energy production is higher 

 than it is on the fasting days. What is more significant, perhaps, 

 is the fact that this effect of the food to increase the metabolism 

 (specific dynamic action) is relatively greater on the day when the 

 fat was injected subcutaneously than when it was taken in the 

 natural manner. The amount of the oil fed was about sufficient 

 to cover the entire energy requirement of the dog and apparently 

 it was all absorbed from the points of injection (axillae and groins) 

 into the circulation as completely as it was when absorbed through 

 the alimentary canal. 



The nitrogen output was only slightly higher on the day of 

 subcutaneous feeding than on the day of natural feeding. Two 

 other experiments on dogs, one fasting and the other on a standard 

 diet, show the same point. On rabbits otherwise fasting we have 

 found that the effect of oil given subcutaneously, up to 25 per cent, 

 of the calculated requirement, is not distinctly unfavorable in this 

 respect, but does not exert the sparing effect which is noted when 

 an isodynamic quantity of dextrose is given by mouth. 



Several experiments with pure lecithin solution indicate that 

 the quantity which can be given to fasting rabbits without un- 



