Influence of Pancreatic Extracts 



67 



drops were observed in the blood sugar level (frequently to 

 points below normal) and marked changes were demonstrated in 

 the D :N ratio. These changes were demonstrated both for 

 alkaline and for acid perfusates, but were greater and more con- 

 stant with acid perfusates given neutral. 



30 (1990) 



The influence of pancreatic extracts upon the carbohydrate meta- 

 bolism of depancreatized dogs. 



By C. B. F. GIBBS, HARRY D. CLOUGH, NEIL C. STONE and JOHN R. 



MURLIN. 



[From the Physiological Laboratory of the University of Roches- 

 ter, Rochester, N. Y.] 



The experimental work reported dealt with the effects of ex- 

 tracts prepared in various ways from the pancreas of the dog, 

 pig and ox upon the blood sugar, D :N ratio, respiratory quo- 

 tient and clinical condition of depancreatized dogs. 



A dog was given two days to recover from the operation and 

 to become totally diabetic as shown by a D :N ratio of 2.8 or 

 more. The dogs were fed ground beef in increasing amounts 

 after the first day. The extracts were administered by stomach 

 tube, intramuscularly, intravenously, subcutaneously and intra- 

 peritoneally. 



Extract given by stomach tube caused no or very little fall 

 in blood or urinary sugar. Injections of the extract into vein, 

 tissue and peritoneum have been followed by abrupt lowering of 

 the sugar in the blood and urine, the former at times even below 

 normal and the latter has been made to completely disappear even 

 when glucose had been previously administered. In the majority 

 of cases the lowest level of blood sugar was reached in 4 hours 

 from the time of injection whether the extract was given into 

 vein, peritoneum, muscle or under the skin. Since harmful ef- 

 fects were experienced more frequently when the extracts were 

 injected intravenously, intramuscularly and intraperitoneally 

 than when given subcutaneously the last method was used most. 



The first preparations used in this series of experiments were 

 extracts of freshly removed, macerated dog's pancreas given 



