Notes on the Surgical Physiology of the Dog. 151 



agglutinate in less than one minute's time. Cross-agglutination 

 of the different types of pneumococci was tested and in no case 

 did a heterologous serum cause any clumping. One cubic centi- 

 meter of serum per kilo of body weight was given in these cross tests. 



The phagocytosis is enhanced by the accumulation of the 

 polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the capillaries of the organs 

 immediately after the injection of the serum. These observations 

 corroborate the findings of Goldscheider and Jakob, that the 

 leucopenia following intravenous injections of protein substances 

 is due to accumulation of the leucocytes in the lungs and other 

 organs, and not to a destruction of the cells. They also prove 

 that the leucocytes are not killed or injured by the intravenous 

 injection of such substances, but are still actively phagocytic. 



91 (1023) 



Notes on the surgical physiology of the dog. 

 By W. Howard Barber and John W. Draper. 



[From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, N. Y. University.] 



1. Hydronephrosis and Hydroureter. 



In a previous communication 1 the possible causal relationship 

 of a paralyzed ureter to dilatations of the ureter and kidney pelvis 

 has been pointed out. Of the experiments performed in 1913, 75 

 per cent, showed hydronephrosis in some degree. Last fall the 

 same technic was repeated in twelve dogs with the following results : 



2 Negative. 



6 Hydronephrosis — to some degree. 

 I Hydroureter. 



3 Dilatation of cephalad ureter. 



Therefore fifty per cent, showed hydronephrotic change and 

 eighty-three and one-third per cent, hydronephrotic and hydrou- 

 reteric changes combined. 



It was realized in applying this information to the origination 

 of a physiological uretero-sigmoid union, some traumatization of 



1 Stewart and Barber, Hydronephrosis, Annals of Surgery, Dec, 1914, Barber 

 and Draper, Renal infection. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Jan., 1915. 



