9 8 



Scientific Proceedings (118). 



For a number of years we have been engaged in trying to 

 solve the problem how the carbohydrates exercise their an ti- 

 ke togenetic powers, and to find a chemical explanation for it. 

 We fed to diabetic animals every known chemical compound that 

 may play a role in the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, 

 and we found that they may be divided into two classes. 



GLUCOSE 



1ST CLASS. 

 GLUCOGENETIC. 



REVERSIBLE 

 REACTIONS. 



IRREVERSIBLE 

 REACTION. 



2ND CLASS. 

 ANTIKETOGENETIC. 



GLYCERIC ALDEHYDE GLYCERIC ALDEHYDE 



JL^JU 



PYRUVIC ACID 



J 



LACTIC ACID 



ACETALDEHYDE. 



ETHYLALCOHOL 



The first consisting of those substances like glyceric aldehyde, 

 dioxyacetone, pyruvic aldehyde, pyruvic acid and lactic acid, 

 which when given to diabetic animals are completely and directly 

 converted into glucose. They all possess the power of reversible 

 reaction in the body, i.e., they all can be converted from one into 

 the other, and possess but slight antiketogenetic properties because 

 when given to diabetics the main force of the reaction is upwards 

 towards the glucose stage, and as such they become excreted in the 

 urine. Practically none of these are burnt in the body of the 

 diabetic animal. 



The second consisting of substances like acetaldehyde and 

 perhaps also ethylalcohol. The reaction towards these from 

 glucose and its intermediary products is irreversible, when given 

 to diabetics, they possess marked antiketogenetic powers. For 

 acetaldehyde this was established by Ringer and Frankel and for 

 alcohol by Neubauer and by Benedict and Torok. 



In diabetes the intermediary metabolites of glucose seem to 



