14 



Scientific Proceedings (30). 



same result, the intestine remaining quiet fifteen to twenty minutes. 

 If, however, the intestine remained for some time in the salt 

 solution, it became more sensitive to the irritant. With the injec- 

 tion of large quantities of bile there was more frequently than before 

 little wave-like movements, although Eckhard does not feel sure 

 that this was the result of the bile injected. 



Drs. Hallion and Netter' have studied the influence of bile on 

 the peristalsis of the intestine. They operated on dogs curarized 

 or narcotized by chloralose or by morphine and chloral. By a 

 small button hole in the small (mainly in the duodenum) intestine 

 they introduced a balloon which was connected with a water 

 manometer by means of rubber tubing. The balloon was flexible 

 rubber and mounted upon a metal tube perforated by a large 

 number of lateral openings, which prevented bends of the balloon 

 upon itself. The water manometer was connected with a Marey 

 tambour which inscribed the movements. After the balloon was 

 inserted the abdomen was closed by a suture and the movements 

 registered for more than an hour, so that subsequent curves pro- 

 duced by the bile could be closely compared. The bile was 

 injected either into the blood or into the intestine. Ox bile was 

 used, concentrated by desiccation at a low temperature, but sub- 

 sequently when used diluted to its original volume by water. 

 Then 10 c.c. of bile was injected into the rectum. At the end of 

 four minutes repeated movements of defecation ensued, followed 

 by an irregular rhythm for eight minutes. The intravenous 

 injection of bile (3-7 c.c.) was by the saphenous vein. There was 

 produced a marked diminution of peristalsis and a relaxation of 

 tonus in the smell intestine. Immediately afterwards the contrac- 

 tions and the tonus considerably increased. Bile put in contact 

 with the intestinal mucous membrane exercises a local excito-motor 

 effect upon the small intestine. Intravenously it produces the 

 same effect, a result that is due, in part at least, to an augmented 

 secretion of bile by the liver, induced by the cholagogue influ- 

 ences of the injected bile. 



Dr. Albert Schiipbach,^ working in the Hallerianum under 

 Professor Asher, has studied the effect of bile on the movements of 



1 Hallion and Netter ; Comptes Rendjis de Biologic, 1907, pp. 182 and 254. 

 ' Schiipbach : Zeitschrift fur Biologie, xxx, pp. 1-41. 



