The Production of Kidney Insufficiency. 



107 



mouth and nose. In the second method a short tracheal cannula 

 was tightly ligated into the upper part of the trachea and a nar- 

 row tube was introduced through a small slit in the lower part of 

 the trachea into the right bronchus. The air entered through the 

 tracheal cannula and had to reach the lower end of the glass tube 

 before it could make its exit. Finally in a third method a long 

 O'Dwyer tube bent at right angles was introduced into the larynx, 

 the pharynx and mouth were packed with gauze, and a long soft 

 rubber catheter was introduced through the O'Dwyer tube deep 

 into the trachea so that its lower end reached the bifurcation. By 

 means of a T-tube the air entered through the O'Dwyer tube into 

 the trachea and had no other escape than through the side open- 

 ings at the lower end of the catheter (the air passed through an 

 ether bottle ; the animals also received morphin). By any of 

 these methods the animals (dogs and rabbits) continued to live 

 for a long time after their muscular action was completely elimi- 

 nated by curare. The thorax was wide open in most of the ex- 

 periments and the widely distended lungs showed only the vibra- 

 tions due to the heart beats. In many cases the lungs lost their 

 pink color. Opening the ether bottle for a second or two per- 

 mitted a momentary collapse of the lungs and in an instant they 

 again looked pink. 



Besides the principle which is demonstrated by this new ob- 

 servation and the possibility of its practical application, it offers a 

 very convenient method for the study of the heart movements 

 without any interference from the respiratory movements. 



55 (393) 



Note on the production of kidney insufficiency by reduction of 

 the arterial circulation of the kidney. 



By ALEXIS CARREL. 



^Froni the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical 

 Research, New York.'\ 



In order to obtain an insufficiency of the renal functions, I 

 attempted to find a method simpler and more practical than the 

 reduction of renal substance used by Tuffier, Bradford, Pearce and 

 others. This new method consists of reducing the renal circula- 



