Influence of Calcium Chloride Upon Urine. 115 



variance with the views of Overton and Hoeber, but agrees with 

 the observations made by Jacques Loeb, Robertson and by the 

 botanist, Ruhland. We are well aware of the number of variable 

 factors which arc to be taken into account in the interpretation of 

 these phenomena which may perhaps later necessitate a somewhat 

 more complicated explanation ; but we believe that comparative 

 studies in the toxicity of stains and of various other substances will 

 prove to be of value in the elucidation of the problems of cell per- 

 meability and of the cause of toxicity. 



60 (398) 



The influence of calcium chloride and of adrenalin upon the 

 secretion of urine and upon absorption from the 

 peritoneal cavity. 



By MOYER S. FLEISHER and LEO LOEB. 



^From the Laboratory of Experimental Pathology of the University 

 of Pennsylvania^ 



I. Intraveneous injection of calcium chloride diminishes the 

 secretion of urine. Porges and Pribram ascribed this effect to the 

 lowering of blood pressure which follows the intravenous injection 

 of this substance. Our experiments, we believe, show such an 

 interpretation to be erroneous for the following reason : 



If we add adrenalin to sodium chloride solutions the blood 

 pressure rises during the intravenous injection of this fluid and we 

 also find a noticeable increase in diuresis under the influence of 

 adrenalin. If we now add calcium chloride to the adrenalin- 

 sodium chloride mixture the blood pressure remains likewise very 

 high during the intravenous injection and the ultimate fall due to 

 the influence of calcium chloride is delayed for a considerable time, 

 but notwithstanding the high blood pressure produced by adrena- 

 lin which is in itself a substance favorable to diuresis, the addition 

 of calcium chloride again causes a marked decrease in diuresis. 

 The effect of calcium chloride in diminishing the secretion of urine 

 can therefore not be ascribed to its action on the blood pressure, 

 but to some other condition, most probably to its direct influence 

 upon the epithehal cells of the kidney, an interpretation originally 

 given by John B. MacCallum. 



