38 



Scientific Proceedings (47). 



blastoccele, common gut, or common body, within which the 

 independent organs may or may not unite. When the embryos 

 fuse slowly the contained organs appear to be antagonistic, for 

 one is often absorbed completely, or the interaction results in a 

 united but very atypic gut, skeleton, body, etc. The details of 

 these changes are exceedingly interesting, but can be given only 

 in the fuller publication. 



28 (637) 



The production of typical monstrosities by various means. 

 By A. J. GOLDFARB. 



[From the College of the City of New York.] 



Typical abnormalities have been produced by subjecting de- 

 veloping eggs to the action of certain salts, such as lithium chloride, 

 and the implication, if not the conclusion has been made that a 

 certain specificity obtained between these salts and the resulting 

 abnormality. Herbst for example produced definite atypic gas- 

 trulae, by subjecting sea urchin eggs to lithium chloride in sea 

 water. Stockard produced definite atypic conditions of the eye 

 and brain formation in Fundulus. 



That the same results may be obtained in other ways seems to 

 demonstrate that the extra-gastrulate condition of the sea urchin, 

 for example, is due not so much to any specific action of the 

 lithium chloride, as to a factor common to each of the following. 

 Extra-gastrulate embryos were produced in fairly large numbers 

 by such anesthetics as chlorotone and alcohol, by changing the 

 concentration of the sea water in opposite directions, either by 

 dilution or by concentration of the sea water, by the action of 

 carbon dioxide and lastly various sugar solutions. 



Similarly other well-defined atypic blastulae, gastrulae or plutei, 

 though not always produced by each of these solutions, were 

 found in many of them, thus giving color to the view that a 

 disturbance once set up results in a typical reaction conditioned 

 not so much by the nature of the disturbance as by the mechanism 

 (the egg) involved. 



