40 



Scientific Proceedings (51). 



These observations show definitely that glycogen is not a utilizable 

 form of carbohydrate for the diabetic organism and they indicate 

 that there is a more rapid conversion of glycogen to glucose in 

 the diabetic than in the normal body. 



29 (725) 



Decerebration and the action of morphine in frogs. 



By J. S. Githens. 



[From the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, 

 Rockefeller Institute.] 



Morphin given in sufficient dose to normal frogs causes tetanus 

 which does not come on, however, until several hours or even days 

 after the injection. 



I have found that decerebration hastens the onset of tetanus 

 and also causes a marked reduction in the amount of morphin 

 required to induce tetanus. 



The smallest dose with which tetanus can be induced regularly 

 in normal frogs at room temperature is ^ of a milligram per gm. 

 (10 milligrams for a 30 gm. frog). This tetanus comes on in about 

 24 hours. 



In decerebrated frogs, at room temperature, tetanus comes on 

 after such a dose in from Y2 to 6 hours, and may be induced with 

 certainty after 6 to 24 hours by a dose of 1/10 milligram per gram 

 (3 mg. for a 30 gram frog). 



When frogs are kept cold tetanus can be induced by much 

 smaller doses, as we have stated in an earlier paper. Thus, intact 

 frogs kept in the cold show tetanus after doses of 1/30 mg. per 

 gm. (1 milligram for a 30 gram frog). Tetanus comes on after 

 such a dose in from 18 to 24 hours. Decerebrated frogs show 

 tetanus after such a dose in from 4 to 12 hours, and it may be 

 induced with certainty by doses of 1/300 milligram per gm. (1/10 

 mg. for a 30 gm. frog) after an interval of I to 3 days. 



Frogs with the entire brain including the medulla destroyed, 

 do not respond as well as frogs with the entire brain except the 

 medulla destroyed. 



