GHORBAND. 



49 



serpentine and quartz-porphyry, the latter probably genetically con- 

 nected with the granite of the Hindu Kush. 



The section along the Kimchak or Deh-tang valley up to the Cha- 

 Kimchak and the Cha- hardar pass is similar to that iu the Waghzai 

 hardar Pass. yaUej . ifj hag beeQ describe d by Mr. Griesbach 



(10, 22) who refers to this part of the Hindu Kush as " a succession of 



anticlinal folds, traversed by igneous rocks." The metamorphism of 



the sedimentary rocks is of an advanced type, and they consist of 



endless alternations of slate, schist, quartzite, limestone and calc-schist. 



The thickness appears to be very great, but this appearance is almost 



certainly deceptive, and is due to repetition by folding. The structure 



of the southern slopes of the Hindu Kush in Ghorband is in fact 



probably an elaboration of the motif illustrated in fig. 5 {supra, 



p. 47). At the same time faulting is very pronounced, and has greatly 



complicated the structure. 



At a short distance above Siah-gird the Ghorband limestone rises 



into a high ridge in the centre of the valley, and 

 Faranjal and Lolinj. . 



extends nearly to Lolinj on the one side and up to 



and beyond Faranjal on the other. Owing to the shortness of my stay 

 in the neighbourhood, I was unable to determine the relationship of 

 this series of limestone and slate to the other rock groups of the Hindu 

 Kush. It has undergone an extraordinary amount of disturbance. It 

 is traversed by numerous faults both at Faranjal and in the hills on the 

 opposite side of the valley, great masses of it being often merely lime- 

 stone breccia. In Parsa it appears to be below the Helmand series, 

 but the real relations of the two groups may be the reverse of the 

 apparent. 



On the southern side of the Ghorband valley, the limestone is over- 

 lain unconformably by the (? Tertiary) shales, 



Faragard and Qaoparan. 



sandstones and conglomerates of Yakhdara, Fara- 

 gard and Gaoparan (Plate 8, fig. 1). Similar deposits occur also on the 

 left side of the valley, and cover a considerable area between the 

 Dehtang stream and Faranjal j they are chiefly conglomerate, which 



E 



