TECTONIC FEATURES. 



3 



by the weakened, not infrequently broken, middle limb of the recum- 

 bent fold. The structure of this particular area is instructive, since it 

 is typical of the tectonic conditions prevailing throughout Northern, 

 and probably much of Western, Afghanistan. 



Between Saighan and the Kara kotal, that is to say, in a meridio- 

 nal distance of some twenty miles, there are three major folds, viz., the 

 Saighan fold, the Dasht-i-Safed fold, and the Bajgah (Kahmard) fold. 

 I have traced the first of these from Ishpushta across the Kotal-i-Kalich 

 to Kala-i-Wakil above Saraiak ; it is a recumbent anticline of the type 



N Kahmard Dasht-i-Gazak Saighan 



Pig. 1. 



Diagrammatic section to show the chief tectonic features in Kahmard and Saighan. 



of those shown in figure 1 and is complicated by the occasional presence 

 of a thrust-plane through the middle limb of the second (lower) minor 

 fold. The next flexure is well seen in the hills behind Dasht-i-Safed 

 (Plate 2) and can be traced across the v a lley and to the north of the 

 Kotal-i-Nalifarsh, whence it runs through the Dasht-i-Gazak and 

 along the northern side of the valley of Sayad Baba. It is accom- 

 panied by a considerable amount of fracture (fig. 2) ; a thrust-plane 

 can be traced on both sides of the valley at Dasht-i-Safed and is 

 probably continuous into Sayad Baba and Begal (Plate 3). The 

 Bajgah fold is beautifully exposed in the gorge between Bajgah and 

 Madar ; it is of exactly the same type as the others and runs along the 

 northern side of the K4hmard valley and through the hills to the south 

 of Hajar. 



B 2 



