MADAR. 



69 



FiG. 12. 



Section through Tangi Bajgah and southern part of Madar basin. 



structure of the intervening ridge. The Madar valley appears to be a 

 true basin, filled with Tertiary beds which dip inwards on all sides and 

 overlie the surrounding Cretaceous limestone conformably. "Where the 

 road issues from the northern end of the Bajgah gorge, it passes on to 

 the Tertiary beds and runs over these all the way to Madar. In the 

 centre of the valley, at a short distance to the north of the road, there 

 is a well-marked unconformity, and the red Upper Tertiary conglomerate 

 lies on the eroded edges of the folded Lower Tertiary beds. Along 

 the northern side of the Tertiary basin, the beds are well exposed 

 in a number of small ridges. The Upper Cretaceous limestone is over- 

 lain by a fine-grained blui6h-grey sandstone with pronounced concre- 

 tionary structure. It is about 50 feet thick, and contains Ostrea sp. 

 collected into little groups. It is overlain by pale bluish-grey shale, 

 weathering almost white and passing up into sandstone and shale ; in 

 appearance the bluish-grey shale resembles the calcareous paper shales 

 or marls of Dasht«i-Safed, but is not calcareous, and contains no sulphur. 

 There is a considerable thickness of this shale which is overlain by red 

 sandstone with bands of shale containing thin layers of gypsum. 

 This is followed first by red shale and clay, and then — unconformable — 

 by the Upper Tertiary red conglomerate. Throughout this area there is 

 a marked contrast between the degree of folding of the beds referred, 

 respectively, to the Lower and Upper Tertiary. The former have shared 



