138 LA TOUCHE : GEOLOGY OF NORTHERN SHAN STATES. 



on the spur to the north of this village. At the base of each the 

 purple band is exposed, and in that of Ngai-tao there is a good 

 exposure of the graptolite beds, as already mentioned (p. 128). 



Fossils have been collected from the Namhsim Sandstones east of 

 sillo the Nam-Tang at the following localities: — ■ 



Above the crest of the cliffs overhanging Kiohsio 

 (N), on the path to Ponglong (Loc. 53, E 2), a specimen of Gonio- 

 phora (?) asiatica Reed, a new species of a genus ranging in America 

 from the Trenton limestone to the Chemung group (Caradoc to Devo- 

 nian), was found, together with badly preserved specimens of Orthonota, 

 Orthoceras, and fragments of Encrinurus. A single specimen of a variety 

 of an upper Llandovery form, Lingula crumena Phillips, named bir- 

 manica by Mr. Cowper Reed, was found close to the base of the 

 formation at Hkyawngtawng (Loc. 50, E 2), on the Namhsim, in 

 a tough brown sandstone, and a species of Orthonota somewhat 

 higher up, on the path from Nammang to Ponglong (Loc. 51, E 2). 

 This resembles Cypricardia {Orthonota) solenoides Sow., from the 

 lower Ludlow. On the northern side of the peak marked 5,065 

 feet, on the path from Htangsang to Man-tang (Loc. 57, E 2), be- 

 tween the Nam-non and Nam-sam valleys, I found a large number 

 of specimens of Illcenus sp. nov. aff. cemulus Salter, with fragments 

 of other trilobites, in loose blocks of soft brown sandstone, and similar 

 specimens of Illcenus were also collected from the talus at the foot of 

 the scarp opposite Lilu, on the Nam-Tu (Loc. 59, P 1). The 

 fossils described by Mr. Cowper Reed as from Panghsa-pye were 

 collected by Dr. G. E. Pilgrim from near the base cf the sand- 

 stones at the eastern end of the Panghsa-pye saddle, where they 

 rise above it to form a scarp overlooking the village (Loc. 65, F 2). 

 This locality has produced three trilobites : — Illcenus aff. cemulus Salter, 

 a Llandovery species ranging from the Ordovician into the lower beds 

 of the Silurian ; Calymene Blumenbachi Brongn., a very well-known 

 and characteristic Silurian species, represented by three fairly well pre- 

 served head shields ; and Phacops (Dalmanites) longicaudatus Murch. 

 var. orientalis Reed, a variety of another very characteristic Silurian 

 species, differing only from the type in having the eyes relatively 

 larger, and fewer pleurae in the pygidium. This trilobite has since been 

 found also at the Lilu and Man-tang localities mentioned above. 

 The Namhsim Sandstones have not been found at all among 



Mbsent in Eastern ^he Eastern Ranges, either because they have been 

 Ranges. overlapped by the Plateau Limestone, and 



