372 LATOUCHE: GEOLOGY OF NORTHERN SHAN STATES. 



royalties from persons working by native methods. Since the year 

 1898, when the first dividend of 5 per cent, was paid, the enter- 

 prise has been on a sound footing, and in some years dividends 

 of over 17 per cent, have been paid. The proprietors are now 

 engaged in working systematically through the whole of the alluvial 

 deposit, and have installed machinery of the latest design, driven 

 by electric power derived from the falls of the Mogok river at its 

 exit from the valley. In addition to rubies, a considerable output 

 of sapphires, spinels of various colours, apatites, and tourmaniles 

 is obtained, but the last-named are of the black variety, schorl, 

 and are of no value. 



During the period 1898 to 1903, the average annual value of 

 the gems obtained was £89,345, but during 

 output. ^ e nex £ q U i n q uenn i a i period, 1904-1908, the 

 average value of the output fell off, owing mainly to the general 

 depression of trade in 1907 and 1908, to £83,505, and no dividend 

 was paid for the year ending 28th February 1909. 1 In this year 

 the production was 205,384 carats of rubies, 13,457 carats of sap- 

 phires, and 39,463 carats of spinel, with a total value of £58,649. 



The small ruby tract of Namhsu-hka (Namseka) (C 1), at the 



■ , i unction of the Mogok river with the Nam-Pai 



Namhsu-hka. : _ _.. «. . . i i t-v 



in Mong Long fetate, reported, on by Dr. 



Noetling in 1891, 2 has since been entirely worked out by the Ruby 

 Mines Co., but I can find no record of the value of the gems obtained. 

 The remains of extensive excavations in search of red tourmaline 

 (rubellite) are to be seen in the valley of the 

 Tourmaline, Nam-Pai near the town of Mong Long (Maing- 



lon) (C 1), and the mines are still worked 

 spasmodically, with very variable results. The locality was visited 

 in 1887 by Mr. Barrington Bro\vn :! and was afterwards described by 

 Dr. Noetling. 4 The tourmalines are obtained by washing the gravel 

 of old terraces on the banks of the river, and have evidently been 

 derived from the broad dykes of granite which break through the 

 j f t t gneiss of the hills to the north. Within the 

 last ten years the highest output was obtained 



1 T. H. Holland, Review of the Mineral Production of India, 1898-1903; Records, 

 Oeol. Surv. Ind., Vol. XXXII, Pt. 1, p. 77 : T. H. Holland and L. L. Fermor, Hid, Vol. 

 XXXIX, p. 186. 



2 Ibid, Vol. XXIV, Pt. 2, p. 119. 



3 Of. cit., ]). 106. 



4 Records, Geol. Surv. Ind., Vol. XXIV, Pt. 2, p. 125. 



