30 



Memorial Number. 



The most important of his contributions in later years will be 

 found in three series of researches, one dealing with the action of 

 adrenalin upon the blood-vessels and the pupillary muscles; one 

 with the inhibitory action of magnesium sulphate and the antag- 

 onistic effect of the calcium salts, and one with the development 

 of his method of artificial respiration by pharyngeal and intra- 

 tracheal insufflation. The first series consists of eight or nine 

 papers, mostly in collaboration with his daughter. They showed 

 in this work that the temporary action of adrenalin upon the blood- 

 vessels may be converted into a long-lasting effect, in the case of 

 the ear- vessels, if these vessels are first denervated by section of the 

 vaso-motor fibers in the sympathetic and the third cervical nerve. 

 A more striking result still was obtained for the iris. In the 

 mammal subcutaneous injections of adrenalin in moderate doses 

 have no effect upon the size of the pupil, but if the superior cervical 

 ganglion is first excised then, after a certain interval, subcutaneous 

 injections bring on a marked and long-lasting dilatation. His 

 explanation of these phenomena was made in terms of his theory of 

 inhibition. Whether or not his views in regard to the relations of 

 the cervical ganglion to pupillary dilatation will stand the test of 

 future experimental work it is to be noted that the observation 

 itself constitutes a significant instance of a kind of independent 

 physiological activity on the part of a peripheral ganglion. The 

 bearing of these facts upon the prevalent conception of the rapid 

 destruction of epinephrin in the tissues was brought out especially 

 in a paper with Auer in which it was shown that if adrenalin is 

 injected into a ligated limb and an hour or so afterward the liga- 

 ture is removed the dilatation of the pupil quickly follows, thus 

 demonstrating that for this long period the adrenalin had re- 

 mained unaffected by the tissues. Incidental results of this 

 series of experiments were his discovery of the use of the frog's eye 

 as a biological reagent for the detection of small concentrations of 

 epinephrin and the rapidity of absorption in intramuscular as 

 compared with subcutaneous injections. 



The work upon the inhibitory and anesthetic effects of mag- 

 nesium salts gave rise to no less than twenty five papers, most of 

 them published in collaboration with one or another of his associ- 

 ates but chiefly with Dr. Auer. The peculiar inhibitory action of 



