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THE SKY IN NOVEMBER 



Mercury becomes easy to see with the 

 naked eye in the morning sky early 

 this month; for northern observers, this 

 apparition is its most favorable one of 

 the year. The planet starts the month 

 rising more than an hour before sunup, 

 tar below and to the left of Venus, and 

 shining a bit brighter than the nearby 

 first-magnitude star Spica. Mercury 

 remains within four degrees to the 

 left of Spica for the first week of the 

 month. From the 1st through the 11th 

 the planet's brightness increases four- 

 fold, helping to make the second week 

 of the month Mercury's finest show. It 

 rises an hour and a half before sunrise 

 and several minutes before the onset of 

 morning twilight, in a totally dark sky. 

 On the 7th a lovely waning crescent 

 Moon appears to ride well above and 

 to the right of Mercury and Spica. The 

 following morning Mercury approaches 

 its greatest western elongation, nine- 

 teen degrees from the Sun. Thereafter 

 it slowly turns back toward the Sun, 

 but it should remain visible low in the 

 east-southeast about forty-five minutes 

 before sunrise until the 22nd. 



Venus dazzles in the predawn morning 

 sky, rising almost four hours before 

 sunrise at the start of the month. It 

 loses only about ten minutes to the 

 Sun by month's end, and is well up in 

 the southeast sky by sunrise all month. 

 Viewed through a telescope, Venus starts 

 the month resembling a half Moon (a 

 phase called dichotomy), but after a 

 week it gradually becomes more gib- 

 bous. A crescent Moon lies to the right 

 of Venus on the morning of the 5th. 



Mars becomes a noteworthy evening 

 object this month, advancing its rising 

 time from about three and a half hours 

 after sunset when the month begins to 

 about two hours by month's end. It 

 reaches opposition this year on Christ- 

 mas Eve, and as that event draws near, 

 the planet's brilliance almost doubles, 

 from magnitude —0.6 to —1.3. By late 

 in the month, many holiday shoppers 

 who cast a casual glance skyward will 

 wonder about the identity of that lus- 



By Joe Rao 



trous, pumpkin-hued "star" low in the 

 east-northeast sky. 



Jupiter bids evening skywatchers a 

 fond, albeit slow, adieu. At the start of 

 the month it lies low in the southwest 

 during the chilly dusk, setting a little 

 more than two hours after sundown. 

 By the 20th it sets before the end of 

 evening twilight. 



Saturn begins the month seven degrees 

 east of the bluish star Regulus, in the 

 constellation Leo, the lion, and moves 

 a degree farther east of the star by 

 month's end. The planet rises more than 

 five hours before sunrise on the 1st, at 

 about local midnight by the 20th, and 

 before 11:30 p.m. by the 30th. By then 

 the planet is high in the south-southeast 

 as morning twilight begins. At magni- 

 tude + 0.8, Saturn outshines Regulus 

 (magnitude +1.4), but the planet is at 

 its faintest since 1997. 



The Moon is at last quarter on the 1st 

 at 5:18 p.m. (eastern daylight time) and 

 wanes to new on the 9th at 6:03 p.m. 

 Our satellite waxes to first quarter on 

 the 17th at 5:32 p.m. and to full on the 

 24th at 9:30 a.m. 



An occultation of Regulus, the brightest 

 star in Leo, takes place before sunrise 

 on the morning of the 3rd, when a 

 fat waning crescent Moon passes in 

 front of the star. The event is visible 

 chiefly in the southern United States, 

 Mexico, and the Caribbean; over parts 

 of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama it 

 takes place during morning twilight 

 or right after sunup. The star disap- 

 pears behind the Moon's bright limb, 

 then dramatically reappears about an 

 hour later from behind the Moon's 

 dark limb. Visit tinyurl.com/274cer for 

 a list of viewing times for more than 

 a hundred cities. 



Standard time returns on Sunday the 

 4th. Set your clocks back one hour. 



Unless otherwise noted, all times are eastern 

 standard time. 



80 NATURAL HISTORY November 2007 



ENDLESS POOLS 



SWIMMING MACHINES 



200 E Dutton Mill Rd., Aston, PA 19014 



