INTRODUCTION. 



names were given, and our author's remissness was Gmelin's opportunity, who speedily furnished Latin names 

 to the species. Nine different ones are given, and several plates, with figures easily recognizable. 



1783. — Boddaert, ' Table des Planches Enluminees de Buffon.' 



In this work the author provides Latin names for the various species of Paradise-birds figured by Buffon, 

 and, like this last author, does not discriminate closely, but gives various names in some instances to the same bird 

 in different stages of plumage. They are included in three genera, Paradisea, Upupa, and Manucodia. Thus we 

 have Paradisea sexpennis, P. atra,, and P. speciosa, Upupa speciosa, U. striata, and Manucodia chalybea : of these 

 the Upupa speciosa and U. striata are sexes of the species now known as Epimachus speciosus, Boddaert's name 

 taking precedence of all others ; the rest are all valid. Species 7. 



1786. — Scopoli, 'Delici^e Florae et Faunae iNsuBRiciE.' 



In this work, a small portion of which is devoted to ornithology, the author characterizes and gives Latin names 

 to some of the Birds of Paradise (as well as species belonging to other families) figured by Sonnerat in his 

 'Voyage a la Nouvelle-Guinee.' Five species are mentioned, all of which, however, had been named by earlier 

 authors. They are : — Paradisea rex (Cicinnums regius), P. superba [Lophorina atra), P. penicillata (Parotia sexpennis), 

 P. magnifica {DiphyUodes speciosa), and P. viridis (Manucodia chalybea). 



1788. — Gmelin, ' Systema Nature.' 



In this edition of Linnseus's ' Systema Naturae ' eight species belonging to the Paradiseidae are recorded : — 

 P. apoda, P. regia, P. magnifica, P. nigra, P. superba, P. aurea, P. alba, and P. viridis. These have since been 

 divided into various genera, as they present characters which cannot very well be classified under one head. 

 Besides the species just given, this author, copying Linnaeus, includes in his list P. tristis, from the Philippines, 

 which belongs to the genus Acridotheres of the Starling group. Species 11. 



1790. — Latham, ' Index Ornithologicus.' 



Twelve species of Paradise-birds are given in his list, all included in the genus Paradisea, eight of which are 

 good. P. cirrhata is the DiphyUodes speciosa, P. furcata is Lophorina atra, P. chalybea is Manucodia chalybea ; P. 

 leucoptera is difficult to define, probably a made-up specimen. Species 11. 



1801. — Latham, 'General Synopsis,' Supplement. 



Under the name of Turdus melinus is described a young male Sericulus from New Holland, generally known 

 as S. chrysocephalus, which last must become a synonym. Species 12. 



1802. — Vieillot et Audebert, ' Oiseaux Dores,' ' Histoire Naturelle et Gene'rale des Grimpereaux et 



des Oiseaux de Paradis.' 



This splendid work, besides those of other families, gives eleven species of the Paradiseidae, with plates of 

 each. French nomenclature is employed upon the plates and headings of the pages ; but a few synonyms are 

 given from older authors. No new species are added, the desire of the authors being apparently to present, as 

 far as possible, good figures of those already known. 



1806. — Levaillant, 'Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux de Paradis.' 



In this work, at the time of its publication the finest ever issued upon this Family, twelve species of 

 Paradiseidae are given, the author employing French nomenclature. All the species are figured nearly of the 

 size of life, and generally the females are also represented upon separate plates, and one or two plates of 

 feathers are also given. The letterpress is mainly composed of descriptions of the birds ; but the literature of 

 the Family is entirely neglected. 



1807. — Levaillant, 'Histoire Naturelle des Promerops et des Guepiers. 



Life-size figures of Epimachus speciosus, male, female, and young male, Ptiloris magnificus, and S'eleucides alba, 

 are given, all, however, under French names, this author never having employed a Latin nomenclature. 



