26 



Fig.4: Profiles of lateral view 

 of head of (A) Couesius 

 plumbeus (KU 18965, 80.1 

 mm SL) and (B) Rhynchocy- 

 phs oxycephalus (modified 

 from Howes, 1985). Scale bar 

 = 1 mm. 



Analysis of transformation series in the Hemitremian clade 



Based on the above discussion and Fig. 2, the exoglossins are considered the first out- 

 group, and Tribolodon the second outgroup to polarize characters of the transformation 

 series in the Hemitremian clade. 



1. Fleshy rostral process (Fig.4A, B). The fleshy rostral process is an anterior flesh rostral 

 extension. In the ingroups (except Rhynchocypris) and the outgroups, the rostral process 



Fig. 5: Anterior view of pri- 

 mary lamellae of (A) Phoxi- 

 nus oreas (KU 3265, 56.7 

 mm SL) and (B) Lagowskiel- 

 la lagowskii (NAIJ 14402, 

 95.8 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 

 mm. 



