73 



is slightly different from that in Phoxinus. In the outgroups, the posterior conus is broad, 

 short, and located posteriorly to the anterior conus. 



Lateral Ethmoid (Fig.39C-D). In cyprinids, the lateral ethmoid is located at the ante- 

 rolateral side of the neurocranium. 



Ventrally, the lateral ethmoid sutures with the dorsal aspect of the vomer and of the an- 

 terolateral portion of the parasphenoid. The lateral ethmoid sutures posteriorly with the 

 dorsal aspect of the anterior portion of the parasphenoid and the anterior portion of the 

 orbitosphenoid, anteriorly with the mesethmoid and supraethmoid, and dorsally with the 

 ventral side of the frontals. The left and right lateral ethmoids are separated by the pa- 

 rasphenoid and the mesethmoid. The anterior portion of the lateral ethmoid forms part of 

 the bottom of the nasal capsule; the posterior portion of the bone forms the anterior por- 

 tion of the orbital capsule and the dorsal side of the anterior myodome, and the median 

 portion of the lateral ethmoid forms part of the lateral wall of the braincase. Ventrally, the 



ACO 

 PCO 



C D 



Fig. 39: Ventral view of mesethmoid (A-B), and medial (a) and ventral (b) view of lateral ethmoid 

 (C-D) of Phoxinus. A: P. oreas (KU 3259, 55.0 mm SL); B: P. neogaeus (KU 8521, 53.0 mm SL); 

 C: P. phoxinus (CNUC uncat., 76.0 mm TL); D: P. cumberlandensis (KU 18934; 52.0 mm SL). Scale 

 bars = 1 mm. 



