82 



cyprinids, such as Cyprinus carpio (pers. obs.) and some gobions (Ramaswami 1955b). 

 The fontanelle is absent in Phoxinus. 



In Phoxinus the parietal is more or less rectangular plate-like in shape. No variation in 

 shape of the parietal is observed among the Phoxinus species. 



The medial extrascapula is a small bar-shaped bone carrying the supratemporal canal and 

 is located at the dorsal side of the posterior portion of the parietal. One medial extrasca- 

 pula is present, partially covering the parietal in P. neogaeus, brachyurus, and in the out- 

 groups (TS 67[0]); no medial extrascapula is present in other species of Phoxinus (TS 



Sphenotic (Fig.45A-D). The sphenotic is placed at the dorsolateral side of the neu- 

 rocranium in cyprinids. Dorsally, the sphenotic sutures the frontal anteromesially, the pa- 

 rietal posteromedially, and the pterotic posteriorly. Ventrally, the sphenotic sutures the 

 pterosphenoid anteriorly and the prootic posteriorly. The bone forms the hyomandibular 

 fossa ventrolaterally. 



In Phoxinus the sphenotic is irregularly shaped. Generally, its middle portion is broader 

 than its anterior and posterior portion. Dorsally, the anterior portion of the lateral margin 

 of the sphenotic is deeply concave in P. cumberlandensis and neogaeus (TS 68[ 1 ]); the 

 anterior portion of the lateral margin of the bone is shallowly concave in other species of 

 Phoxinus (TS 68[0]). 



67[1]). 



FVII 



A 



B 



Fig.46: Lateral view of proo- 

 tic of some species of Phoxi- 

 nus. A: P. oreas (KU 3259, 

 55.0 mm SL); B: P. eos (KU 

 12255, 43.0 mm SL); C: P. 

 erythwgaster (KU 5773. 51.5 

 mm SL); D: P. neogaeus (KU 

 8521, 53.0 mm SL). Scale 

 bars = 1 mm. 



c 



D 



